Initial commit: RustDesk 1.4.7 macOS desktop port

- Filled empty libs/hbb_common/ submodule (cloned from rustdesk/hbb_common)
- Patched Flutter 3.44 / Dart 3.12 compatibility:
  * flutter/lib/generated_bridge.dart: asTypedList with cast<>, DartPort=Int64
  * flutter/lib/common.dart: DialogTheme->DialogThemeData, TabBarTheme->TabBarThemeData
  * flutter/pubspec.yaml: extended_text 14.0.0->15.0.2, google_fonts override 5.0.0
  * flutter/macos/Runner/Configs/Release.xcconfig: EXCLUDED_ARCHS=x86_64
- Build verified: cargo check + cargo build --features flutter + cargo build --release --features flutter
- Verified flutter build macos --debug and --release both produce working .app
- Verified .dmg installer (27MB arm64) created via hdiutil
- Build deps: Xcode 26.5, CocoaPods 1.16.2, Flutter 3.44, VCPKG arm64-osx

libs/scrap/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/target/
+**/*.rs.bk
+Cargo.lock
+generated/

libs/scrap/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+[package]
+name = "scrap"
+description = "Screen capture made easy."
+version = "0.5.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/quadrupleslap/scrap"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/scrap"
+keywords = ["screen", "capture", "record"]
+license = "MIT"
+authors = ["Ram <quadrupleslap@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[features]
+wayland = ["gstreamer", "gstreamer-app", "gstreamer-video", "dbus", "tracing", "zbus"]
+mediacodec = ["ndk"]
+linux-pkg-config = ["dep:pkg-config"]
+hwcodec = ["dep:hwcodec"]
+vram = ["hwcodec/vram"]
+
+[dependencies]
+cfg-if = "1.0"
+num_cpus = "1.15"
+lazy_static = "1.4"
+hbb_common = { path = "../hbb_common" }
+webm = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/rust-webm" }
+serde = {version="1.0", features=["derive"]}
+
+[dependencies.winapi]
+version = "0.3"
+default-features = true
+features = ["dxgi", "dxgi1_2", "dxgi1_5", "d3d11", "winuser", "winerror", "errhandlingapi", "libloaderapi"]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+block = "0.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+android_logger = "0.13"
+jni = "0.21"
+lazy_static = "1.4"
+log = "0.4"
+serde_json = "1.0"
+ndk = { version = "0.7", features = ["media"], optional = true}
+ndk-context = "0.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "android"))'.dev-dependencies]
+repng = "0.2"
+docopt = "1.1"
+quest = "0.3"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+target_build_utils = "0.3"
+bindgen = "0.65"
+pkg-config = { version = "0.3.27", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+dbus = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
+tracing = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
+gstreamer = { version = "0.16", optional = true }
+gstreamer-app = { version = "0.16", features = ["v1_10"], optional = true }
+gstreamer-video = { version = "0.16", optional = true }
+zbus = { version = "3.15", optional = true }
+
+[dependencies.hwcodec]
+git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/hwcodec"
+optional = true
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))'.dependencies]
+nokhwa = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/nokhwa.git", branch = "fix_from_raw_parts", features = ["input-native"] }
+

libs/scrap/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Derived from https://github.com/quadrupleslap/scrap
+
+# scrap
+
+Scrap records your screen! At least it does if you're on Windows, macOS, or Linux.
+
+## Usage
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+scrap = "0.5"
+```
+
+Its API is as simple as it gets!
+
+```rust
+struct Display; /// A screen.
+struct Frame; /// An array of the pixels that were on-screen.
+struct Capturer; /// A recording instance.
+
+impl Capturer {
+    /// Begin recording.
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer>;
+
+    /// Try to get a frame.
+    /// Returns WouldBlock if it's not ready yet.
+    pub fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>>;
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize;
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize;
+}
+
+impl Display {
+    /// The primary screen.
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display>;
+
+    /// All the screens.
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>>;
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize;
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize;
+}
+
+impl<'a> ops::Deref for Frame<'a> {
+    /// A frame is just an array of bytes.
+    type Target = [u8];
+}
+```
+
+## The Frame Format
+
+- The frame format is guaranteed to be **packed BGRA**.
+- The width and height are guaranteed to remain constant.
+- The stride might be greater than the width, and it may also vary between frames.
+
+## System Requirements
+
+OS      | Minimum Requirements
+--------|---------------------
+macOS   | macOS 10.8
+Linux   | XCB + SHM + RandR
+Windows | DirectX 11.1

libs/scrap/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+use std::{
+    env, fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    println,
+};
+
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", feature = "linux-pkg-config"))]
+fn link_pkg_config(name: &str) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    // sometimes an override is needed
+    let pc_name = match name {
+        "libvpx" => "vpx",
+        _ => name,
+    };
+    let lib = pkg_config::probe_library(pc_name)
+        .expect(format!(
+            "unable to find '{pc_name}' development headers with pkg-config (feature linux-pkg-config is enabled).
+            try installing '{pc_name}-dev' from your system package manager.").as_str());
+
+    lib.include_paths
+}
+#[cfg(not(all(target_os = "linux", feature = "linux-pkg-config")))]
+fn link_pkg_config(_name: &str) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+/// Link vcpkg package.
+fn link_vcpkg(mut path: PathBuf, name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
+    let mut target_arch = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap();
+    if target_arch == "x86_64" {
+        target_arch = "x64".to_owned();
+    } else if target_arch == "x86" {
+        target_arch = "x86".to_owned();
+    } else if target_arch == "loongarch64" {
+        target_arch = "loongarch64".to_owned();
+    } else if target_arch == "aarch64" {
+        target_arch = "arm64".to_owned();
+    } else {
+        target_arch = "arm".to_owned();
+    }
+    let mut target = if target_os == "macos" {
+        if target_arch == "x64" {
+            "x64-osx".to_owned()
+        } else if target_arch == "arm64" {
+            "arm64-osx".to_owned()
+        } else {
+            format!("{}-{}", target_arch, target_os)
+        }
+    } else if target_os == "windows" {
+        "x64-windows-static".to_owned()
+    } else {
+        format!("{}-{}", target_arch, target_os)
+    };
+    if target_arch == "x86" {
+        target = target.replace("x64", "x86");
+    }
+    println!("cargo:info={}", target);
+    if let Ok(vcpkg_root) = std::env::var("VCPKG_INSTALLED_ROOT") {
+        path = vcpkg_root.into();
+    } else {
+        path.push("installed");
+    }
+    path.push(target);
+    println!(
+        "cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}",
+        name.trim_start_matches("lib")
+    );
+    println!(
+        "cargo:rustc-link-search={}",
+        path.join("lib").to_str().unwrap()
+    );
+    let include = path.join("include");
+    println!("cargo:include={}", include.to_str().unwrap());
+    include
+}
+
+/// Link homebrew package(for Mac M1).
+fn link_homebrew_m1(name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
+    let target_arch = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap();
+    if target_os != "macos" || target_arch != "aarch64" {
+        panic!("Couldn't find VCPKG_ROOT, also can't fallback to homebrew because it's only for macos aarch64.");
+    }
+    let mut path = PathBuf::from("/opt/homebrew/Cellar");
+    path.push(name);
+    let entries = if let Ok(dir) = std::fs::read_dir(&path) {
+        dir
+    } else {
+        panic!("Could not find package in {}. Make sure your homebrew and package {} are all installed.", path.to_str().unwrap(),&name);
+    };
+    let mut directories = entries
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|x| x.is_ok())
+        .map(|x| x.unwrap().path())
+        .filter(|x| x.is_dir())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    // Find the newest version.
+    directories.sort_unstable();
+    if directories.is_empty() {
+        panic!(
+            "There's no installed version of {} in /opt/homebrew/Cellar",
+            name
+        );
+    }
+    path.push(directories.pop().unwrap());
+    // Link the library.
+    println!(
+        "cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}",
+        name.trim_start_matches("lib")
+    );
+    // Add the library path.
+    println!(
+        "cargo:rustc-link-search={}",
+        path.join("lib").to_str().unwrap()
+    );
+    // Add the include path.
+    let include = path.join("include");
+    println!("cargo:include={}", include.to_str().unwrap());
+    include
+}
+
+/// Find package. By default, it will try to find vcpkg first, then homebrew(currently only for Mac M1).
+/// If building for linux and feature "linux-pkg-config" is enabled, will try to use pkg-config
+/// unless check fails (e.g. NO_PKG_CONFIG_libyuv=1)
+fn find_package(name: &str) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let no_pkg_config_var_name = format!("NO_PKG_CONFIG_{name}");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed={no_pkg_config_var_name}");
+    if cfg!(all(target_os = "linux", feature = "linux-pkg-config"))
+        && std::env::var(no_pkg_config_var_name).as_deref() != Ok("1")
+    {
+        link_pkg_config(name)
+    } else if let Ok(vcpkg_root) = std::env::var("VCPKG_ROOT") {
+        vec![link_vcpkg(vcpkg_root.into(), name)]
+    } else {
+        // Try using homebrew
+        vec![link_homebrew_m1(name)]
+    }
+}
+
+fn generate_bindings(
+    ffi_header: &Path,
+    include_paths: &[PathBuf],
+    ffi_rs: &Path,
+    exact_file: &Path,
+    regex: &str,
+) {
+    let mut b = bindgen::builder()
+        .header(ffi_header.to_str().unwrap())
+        .allowlist_type(regex)
+        .allowlist_var(regex)
+        .allowlist_function(regex)
+        .rustified_enum(regex)
+        .trust_clang_mangling(false)
+        .layout_tests(false) // breaks 32/64-bit compat
+        .generate_comments(false); // comments have prefix /*!\
+
+    for dir in include_paths {
+        b = b.clang_arg(format!("-I{}", dir.display()));
+    }
+
+    b.generate().unwrap().write_to_file(ffi_rs).unwrap();
+    fs::copy(ffi_rs, exact_file).ok(); // ignore failure
+}
+
+fn gen_vcpkg_package(package: &str, ffi_header: &str, generated: &str, regex: &str) {
+    let includes = find_package(package);
+    let src_dir = env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap();
+    let src_dir = Path::new(&src_dir);
+    let out_dir = env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
+    let out_dir = Path::new(&out_dir);
+
+    let ffi_header = src_dir.join("src").join("bindings").join(ffi_header);
+    println!("rerun-if-changed={}", ffi_header.display());
+    for dir in &includes {
+        println!("rerun-if-changed={}", dir.display());
+    }
+
+    let ffi_rs = out_dir.join(generated);
+    let exact_file = src_dir.join("generated").join(generated);
+    generate_bindings(&ffi_header, &includes, &ffi_rs, &exact_file, regex);
+}
+
+// If you have problems installing ffmpeg, you can download $VCPKG_ROOT/installed from ci
+// Linux require link in hwcodec
+/*
+fn ffmpeg() {
+    // ffmpeg
+    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
+    let target_arch = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap();
+    let static_libs = vec!["avcodec", "avutil", "avformat"];
+    static_libs.iter().for_each(|lib| {
+        find_package(lib);
+    });
+    if target_os == "windows" {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=libmfx");
+    }
+
+    // os
+    let dyn_libs: Vec<&str> = if target_os == "windows" {
+        ["User32", "bcrypt", "ole32", "advapi32"].to_vec()
+    } else if target_os == "linux" {
+        let mut v = ["va", "va-drm", "va-x11", "vdpau", "X11", "stdc++"].to_vec();
+        if target_arch == "x86_64" {
+            v.push("z");
+        }
+        v
+    } else if target_os == "macos" || target_os == "ios" {
+        ["c++", "m"].to_vec()
+    } else if target_os == "android" {
+        ["z", "m", "android", "atomic"].to_vec()
+    } else {
+        panic!("unsupported os");
+    };
+    dyn_libs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|lib| println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib))
+        .count();
+
+    if target_os == "macos" || target_os == "ios" {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=CoreFoundation");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=CoreVideo");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=CoreMedia");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=VideoToolbox");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=AVFoundation");
+    }
+}
+*/
+
+fn main() {
+    // in this crate, these are also valid configurations
+    println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(dxgi,quartz,x11)");
+
+    // there is problem with cfg(target_os) in build.rs, so use our workaround
+    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
+
+    // note: all link symbol names in x86 (32-bit) are prefixed wth "_".
+    // run "rustup show" to show current default toolchain, if it is stable-x86-pc-windows-msvc,
+    // please install x64 toolchain by "rustup toolchain install stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    // then set x64 to default by "rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"
+    let target = target_build_utils::TargetInfo::new();
+    if target.unwrap().target_pointer_width() != "64" {
+        // panic!("Only support 64bit system");
+    }
+    env::remove_var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE");
+    env::set_var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE", "crt-static");
+
+    find_package("libyuv");
+    gen_vcpkg_package("libvpx", "vpx_ffi.h", "vpx_ffi.rs", "^[vV].*");
+    gen_vcpkg_package("aom", "aom_ffi.h", "aom_ffi.rs", "^(aom|AOM|OBU|AV1).*");
+    gen_vcpkg_package("libyuv", "yuv_ffi.h", "yuv_ffi.rs", ".*");
+    // ffmpeg();
+
+    if target_os == "ios" {
+        // nothing
+    } else if target_os == "android" {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=android");
+    } else if cfg!(windows) {
+        // The first choice is Windows because DXGI is amazing.
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=dxgi");
+    } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+        // Quartz is second because macOS is the (annoying) exception.
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=quartz");
+    } else if cfg!(unix) {
+        // On UNIX we pray that X11 (with XCB) is available.
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=x11");
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/examples/benchmark.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use docopt::Docopt;
+use hbb_common::{
+    env_logger::{init_from_env, Env, DEFAULT_FILTER_ENV},
+    log,
+};
+use scrap::{
+    aom::{AomDecoder, AomEncoder, AomEncoderConfig},
+    codec::{EncoderApi, EncoderCfg},
+    Capturer, Display, TraitCapturer, VpxDecoder, VpxDecoderConfig, VpxEncoder, VpxEncoderConfig,
+    VpxVideoCodecId::{self, *},
+    STRIDE_ALIGN,
+};
+use std::{
+    io::Write,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+// cargo run --package scrap --example benchmark --release --features hwcodec
+
+const USAGE: &'static str = "
+Codec benchmark.
+
+Usage:
+  benchmark [--count=COUNT] [--quality=QUALITY] [--i444]
+  benchmark (-h | --help)
+
+Options:
+  -h --help             Show this screen.
+  --count=COUNT         Capture frame count [default: 100].
+  --quality=QUALITY     Video quality [default: 1.0].
+  --i444                I444.
+";
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
+struct Args {
+    flag_count: usize,
+    flag_quality: f32,
+    flag_i444: bool,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    init_from_env(Env::default().filter_or(DEFAULT_FILTER_ENV, "info"));
+    let args: Args = Docopt::new(USAGE)
+        .and_then(|d| d.deserialize())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
+    let quality = args.flag_quality;
+    let yuv_count = args.flag_count;
+    let mut index = 0;
+    let mut displays = Display::all().unwrap();
+    for i in 0..displays.len() {
+        if displays[i].is_primary() {
+            index = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    let d = displays.remove(index);
+    let mut c = Capturer::new(d).unwrap();
+    let width = c.width();
+    let height = c.height();
+
+    println!(
+        "benchmark {}x{} quality:{:?}, i444:{:?}",
+        width, height, quality, args.flag_i444
+    );
+    [VP8, VP9].map(|codec| {
+        test_vpx(
+            &mut c,
+            codec,
+            width,
+            height,
+            quality,
+            yuv_count,
+            if codec == VP8 { false } else { args.flag_i444 },
+        )
+    });
+    test_av1(&mut c, width, height, quality, yuv_count, args.flag_i444);
+    #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+    {
+        hw::test(&mut c, width, height, quality, yuv_count);
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_vpx(
+    c: &mut Capturer,
+    codec_id: VpxVideoCodecId,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    quality: f32,
+    yuv_count: usize,
+    i444: bool,
+) {
+    let config = EncoderCfg::VPX(VpxEncoderConfig {
+        width: width as _,
+        height: height as _,
+        quality,
+        codec: codec_id,
+        keyframe_interval: None,
+    });
+    let mut encoder = VpxEncoder::new(config, i444).unwrap();
+    let mut vpxs = vec![];
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut size = 0;
+    let mut yuv = Vec::new();
+    let mut mid_data = Vec::new();
+    let mut counter = 0;
+    let mut time_sum = Duration::ZERO;
+    loop {
+        match c.frame(std::time::Duration::from_millis(30)) {
+            Ok(frame) => {
+                let tmp_timer = Instant::now();
+                let frame = frame.to(encoder.yuvfmt(), &mut yuv, &mut mid_data).unwrap();
+                let yuv = frame.yuv().unwrap();
+                for ref frame in encoder
+                    .encode(start.elapsed().as_millis() as _, &yuv, STRIDE_ALIGN)
+                    .unwrap()
+                {
+                    size += frame.data.len();
+                    vpxs.push(frame.data.to_vec());
+                    counter += 1;
+                    print!("\r{codec_id:?} {}/{}", counter, yuv_count);
+                    std::io::stdout().flush().ok();
+                }
+                for ref frame in encoder.flush().unwrap() {
+                    size += frame.data.len();
+                    vpxs.push(frame.data.to_vec());
+                    counter += 1;
+                    print!("\r{codec_id:?} {}/{}", counter, yuv_count);
+                    std::io::stdout().flush().ok();
+                }
+                time_sum += tmp_timer.elapsed();
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("{e:?}");
+            }
+        }
+        if counter >= yuv_count {
+            println!();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(vpxs.len(), yuv_count);
+    println!(
+        "{:?} encode: {:?}, {} byte",
+        codec_id,
+        time_sum / yuv_count as _,
+        size / yuv_count
+    );
+
+    let mut decoder = VpxDecoder::new(VpxDecoderConfig { codec: codec_id }).unwrap();
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    for vpx in vpxs {
+        let _ = decoder.decode(&vpx);
+        let _ = decoder.flush();
+    }
+    println!(
+        "{:?} decode: {:?}",
+        codec_id,
+        start.elapsed() / yuv_count as _
+    );
+}
+
+fn test_av1(
+    c: &mut Capturer,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    quality: f32,
+    yuv_count: usize,
+    i444: bool,
+) {
+    let config = EncoderCfg::AOM(AomEncoderConfig {
+        width: width as _,
+        height: height as _,
+        quality,
+        keyframe_interval: None,
+    });
+    let mut encoder = AomEncoder::new(config, i444).unwrap();
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut size = 0;
+    let mut av1s: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
+    let mut yuv = Vec::new();
+    let mut mid_data = Vec::new();
+    let mut counter = 0;
+    let mut time_sum = Duration::ZERO;
+    loop {
+        match c.frame(std::time::Duration::from_millis(30)) {
+            Ok(frame) => {
+                let tmp_timer = Instant::now();
+                let frame = frame.to(encoder.yuvfmt(), &mut yuv, &mut mid_data).unwrap();
+                let yuv = frame.yuv().unwrap();
+                for ref frame in encoder
+                    .encode(start.elapsed().as_millis() as _, &yuv, STRIDE_ALIGN)
+                    .unwrap()
+                {
+                    size += frame.data.len();
+                    av1s.push(frame.data.to_vec());
+                    counter += 1;
+                    print!("\rAV1 {}/{}", counter, yuv_count);
+                    std::io::stdout().flush().ok();
+                }
+                time_sum += tmp_timer.elapsed();
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("{e:?}");
+            }
+        }
+        if counter >= yuv_count {
+            println!();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    assert_eq!(av1s.len(), yuv_count);
+    println!(
+        "AV1 encode: {:?}, {} byte",
+        time_sum / yuv_count as _,
+        size / yuv_count
+    );
+    let mut decoder = AomDecoder::new().unwrap();
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    for av1 in av1s {
+        let _ = decoder.decode(&av1);
+        let _ = decoder.flush();
+    }
+    println!("AV1 decode: {:?}", start.elapsed() / yuv_count as _);
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+mod hw {
+    use hwcodec::ffmpeg_ram::CodecInfo;
+    use scrap::{
+        hwcodec::{HwRamDecoder, HwRamEncoder, HwRamEncoderConfig},
+        CodecFormat,
+    };
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    pub fn test(c: &mut Capturer, width: usize, height: usize, quality: f32, yuv_count: usize) {
+        let mut h264s = Vec::new();
+        let mut h265s = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(info) = HwRamEncoder::try_get(CodecFormat::H264) {
+            test_encoder(width, height, quality, info, c, yuv_count, &mut h264s);
+        }
+        if let Some(info) = HwRamEncoder::try_get(CodecFormat::H265) {
+            test_encoder(width, height, quality, info, c, yuv_count, &mut h265s);
+        }
+        test_decoder(CodecFormat::H264, &h264s);
+        test_decoder(CodecFormat::H265, &h265s);
+    }
+
+    fn test_encoder(
+        width: usize,
+        height: usize,
+        quality: f32,
+        info: CodecInfo,
+        c: &mut Capturer,
+        yuv_count: usize,
+        h26xs: &mut Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+    ) {
+        let mut encoder = HwRamEncoder::new(
+            EncoderCfg::HWRAM(HwRamEncoderConfig {
+                name: info.name.clone(),
+                mc_name: None,
+                width,
+                height,
+                quality,
+                keyframe_interval: None,
+            }),
+            false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let mut size = 0;
+
+        let mut yuv = Vec::new();
+        let mut mid_data = Vec::new();
+        let mut counter = 0;
+        let mut time_sum = Duration::ZERO;
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        loop {
+            match c.frame(std::time::Duration::from_millis(30)) {
+                Ok(frame) => {
+                    let tmp_timer = Instant::now();
+                    let frame = frame.to(encoder.yuvfmt(), &mut yuv, &mut mid_data).unwrap();
+                    let yuv = frame.yuv().unwrap();
+                    for ref frame in encoder
+                        .encode(&yuv, start.elapsed().as_millis() as _)
+                        .unwrap()
+                    {
+                        size += frame.data.len();
+
+                        h26xs.push(frame.data.to_vec());
+                        counter += 1;
+                        print!("\r{:?} {}/{}", info.name, counter, yuv_count);
+                        std::io::stdout().flush().ok();
+                    }
+                    time_sum += tmp_timer.elapsed();
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::error!("{e:?}");
+                }
+            }
+            if counter >= yuv_count {
+                println!();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        println!(
+            "{}: {:?}, {} byte",
+            info.name,
+            time_sum / yuv_count as u32,
+            size / yuv_count,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn test_decoder(format: CodecFormat, h26xs: &Vec<Vec<u8>>) {
+        let mut decoder = HwRamDecoder::new(format).unwrap();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let mut cnt = 0;
+        for h26x in h26xs {
+            let _ = decoder.decode(h26x).unwrap();
+            cnt += 1;
+        }
+        let device = format!("{:?}", decoder.info.hwdevice).to_lowercase();
+        let device = device.split("_").last().unwrap();
+        println!(
+            "{} {}: {:?}",
+            decoder.info.name,
+            device,
+            start.elapsed() / cnt
+        );
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/examples/capture_mag.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+extern crate repng;
+extern crate scrap;
+
+use scrap::Display;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use scrap::{CapturerMag, TraitCapturer};
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use std::fs::File;
+
+fn main() {
+    let n = Display::all().unwrap().len();
+    for _i in 0..n {
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        record(_i);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn get_display(i: usize) -> Display {
+    Display::all().unwrap().remove(i)
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn record(i: usize) {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use scrap::{Frame, TraitPixelBuffer};
+
+    for d in Display::all().unwrap() {
+        println!("{:?} {} {}", d.origin(), d.width(), d.height());
+    }
+
+    let display = get_display(i);
+    let (w, h) = (display.width(), display.height());
+
+    {
+        let mut capture_mag = CapturerMag::new(display.origin(), display.width(), display.height())
+            .expect("Couldn't begin capture.");
+        let wnd_cls = "";
+        let wnd_name = "RustDeskPrivacyWindow";
+        if false == capture_mag.exclude(wnd_cls, wnd_name).unwrap() {
+            println!("No window found for cls {} name {}", wnd_cls, wnd_name);
+        } else {
+            println!("Filter window for cls {} name {}", wnd_cls, wnd_name);
+        }
+
+        let frame = capture_mag.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)).unwrap();
+        let Frame::PixelBuffer(frame) = frame else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let frame = frame.data();
+        println!("Capture data len: {}, Saving...", frame.len());
+
+        let mut bitflipped = Vec::with_capacity(w * h * 4);
+        let stride = frame.len() / h;
+
+        for y in 0..h {
+            for x in 0..w {
+                let i = stride * y + 4 * x;
+                bitflipped.extend_from_slice(&[frame[i + 2], frame[i + 1], frame[i], 255]);
+            }
+        }
+        // Save the image.
+        let name = format!("capture_mag_{}_1.png", i);
+        repng::encode(
+            File::create(name.clone()).unwrap(),
+            w as u32,
+            h as u32,
+            &bitflipped,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        println!("Image saved to `{}`.", name);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut capture_mag = CapturerMag::new(display.origin(), display.width(), display.height())
+            .expect("Couldn't begin capture.");
+        let wnd_cls = "";
+        let wnd_title = "RustDeskPrivacyWindow";
+        if false == capture_mag.exclude(wnd_cls, wnd_title).unwrap() {
+            println!("No window found for cls {} title {}", wnd_cls, wnd_title);
+        } else {
+            println!("Filter window for cls {} title {}", wnd_cls, wnd_title);
+        }
+
+        let frame = capture_mag.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)).unwrap();
+        let Frame::PixelBuffer(frame) = frame else {
+            return;
+        };
+        println!("Capture data len: {}, Saving...", frame.data().len());
+
+        let mut raw = Vec::new();
+        unsafe {
+            scrap::ARGBToRAW(
+                frame.data().as_ptr(),
+                frame.stride()[0] as _,
+                (&mut raw).as_mut_ptr(),
+                (w * 3) as _,
+                w as _,
+                h as _,
+            )
+        };
+
+        let mut bitflipped = Vec::with_capacity(w * h * 4);
+        let stride = raw.len() / h;
+
+        for y in 0..h {
+            for x in 0..w {
+                let i = stride * y + 3 * x;
+                bitflipped.extend_from_slice(&[raw[i], raw[i + 1], raw[i + 2], 255]);
+            }
+        }
+        let name = format!("capture_mag_{}_2.png", i);
+        repng::encode(
+            File::create(name.clone()).unwrap(),
+            w as u32,
+            h as u32,
+            &bitflipped,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        println!("Image saved to `{}`.", name);
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/examples/ffplay.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use scrap::{Frame, TraitPixelBuffer};
+
+extern crate scrap;
+
+fn main() {
+    use scrap::{Capturer, Display, TraitCapturer};
+    use std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock;
+    use std::io::Write;
+    use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+
+    let d = Display::primary().unwrap();
+    let (w, h) = (d.width(), d.height());
+
+    let child = Command::new("ffplay")
+        .args(&[
+            "-f",
+            "rawvideo",
+            "-pixel_format",
+            "bgr0",
+            "-video_size",
+            &format!("{}x{}", w, h),
+            "-framerate",
+            "60",
+            "-",
+        ])
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .expect("This example requires ffplay.");
+
+    let mut capturer = Capturer::new(d).unwrap();
+    let mut out = child.stdin.unwrap();
+
+    loop {
+        match capturer.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)) {
+            Ok(frame) => {
+                // Write the frame, removing end-of-row padding.
+                let Frame::PixelBuffer(frame) = frame else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                let stride = frame.stride()[0];
+                let rowlen = 4 * w;
+                for row in frame.data().chunks(stride) {
+                    let row = &row[..rowlen];
+                    out.write_all(row).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == WouldBlock => {
+                // Wait for the frame.
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                // We're done here.
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/examples/list.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+extern crate scrap;
+
+use scrap::Display;
+
+fn main() {
+    let displays = Display::all().unwrap();
+
+    for (i, display) in displays.iter().enumerate() {
+        println!(
+            "Display {} [{}x{}]",
+            i + 1,
+            display.width(),
+            display.height()
+        );
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/examples/record-screen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+extern crate docopt;
+extern crate quest;
+extern crate repng;
+extern crate scrap;
+extern crate serde;
+extern crate webm;
+
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::{io, thread};
+
+use docopt::Docopt;
+use scrap::codec::{EncoderApi, EncoderCfg};
+use webm::mux;
+use webm::mux::Track;
+
+use scrap::vpxcodec as vpx_encode;
+use scrap::{Capturer, Display, TraitCapturer, STRIDE_ALIGN};
+
+const USAGE: &'static str = "
+Simple WebM screen capture.
+
+Usage:
+  record-screen <path> [--time=<s>] [--fps=<fps>] [--quality=<quality>] [--ba=<kbps>] [--codec CODEC]
+  record-screen (-h | --help)
+
+Options:
+  -h --help                 Show this screen.
+  --time=<s>                Recording duration in seconds.
+  --fps=<fps>               Frames per second [default: 30].
+  --quality=<quality>       Video quality [default: 1.0].
+  --ba=<kbps>               Audio bitrate in kilobits per second [default: 96].
+  --codec CODEC             Configure the codec used. [default: vp9]
+                            Valid values: vp8, vp9.
+";
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+struct Args {
+    arg_path: PathBuf,
+    flag_codec: Codec,
+    flag_time: Option<u64>,
+    flag_fps: u64,
+    flag_quality: f32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+enum Codec {
+    Vp8,
+    Vp9,
+}
+
+fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    let args: Args = Docopt::new(USAGE)
+        .and_then(|d| d.deserialize())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
+
+    let duration = args.flag_time.map(Duration::from_secs);
+
+    let d = Display::primary().unwrap();
+    let (width, height) = (d.width() as u32, d.height() as u32);
+
+    // Setup the multiplexer.
+
+    let out = match {
+        OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .open(&args.arg_path)
+    } {
+        Ok(file) => file,
+        Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => {
+            if loop {
+                quest::ask("Overwrite the existing file? [y/N] ");
+                if let Some(b) = quest::yesno(false)? {
+                    break b;
+                }
+            } {
+                File::create(&args.arg_path)?
+            } else {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+    };
+
+    let mut webm =
+        mux::Segment::new(mux::Writer::new(out)).expect("Could not initialize the multiplexer.");
+
+    let (vpx_codec, mux_codec) = match args.flag_codec {
+        Codec::Vp8 => (vpx_encode::VpxVideoCodecId::VP8, mux::VideoCodecId::VP8),
+        Codec::Vp9 => (vpx_encode::VpxVideoCodecId::VP9, mux::VideoCodecId::VP9),
+    };
+
+    let mut vt = webm.add_video_track(width, height, None, mux_codec);
+
+    // Setup the encoder.
+    let quality = args.flag_quality;
+    let mut vpx = vpx_encode::VpxEncoder::new(
+        EncoderCfg::VPX(vpx_encode::VpxEncoderConfig {
+            width,
+            height,
+            quality,
+            codec: vpx_codec,
+            keyframe_interval: None,
+        }),
+        false,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    // Start recording.
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+    thread::spawn({
+        let stop = stop.clone();
+        move || {
+            let _ = quest::ask("Recording! Press ⏎ to stop.");
+            let _ = quest::text();
+            stop.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+        }
+    });
+
+    let spf = Duration::from_nanos(1_000_000_000 / args.flag_fps);
+
+    // Capturer object is expensive, avoiding to create it frequently.
+    let mut c = Capturer::new(d).unwrap();
+    let mut yuv = Vec::new();
+    let mut mid_data = Vec::new();
+    while !stop.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        let time = now - start;
+
+        if Some(true) == duration.map(|d| time > d) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if let Ok(frame) = c.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)) {
+            let ms = time.as_secs() * 1000 + time.subsec_millis() as u64;
+            frame.to(vpx.yuvfmt(), &mut yuv, &mut mid_data).unwrap();
+            for frame in vpx.encode(ms as i64, &yuv, STRIDE_ALIGN).unwrap() {
+                vt.add_frame(frame.data, frame.pts as u64 * 1_000_000, frame.key);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let dt = now.elapsed();
+        if dt < spf {
+            thread::sleep(spf - dt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // End things.
+
+    let _ = webm.finalize(None);
+
+    Ok(())
+}

libs/scrap/examples/screenshot.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+extern crate repng;
+extern crate scrap;
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock;
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use scrap::{Capturer, Display, Frame, TraitCapturer, TraitPixelBuffer};
+
+fn main() {
+    let n = Display::all().unwrap().len();
+    for i in 0..n {
+        record(i);
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_display(i: usize) -> Display {
+    Display::all().unwrap().remove(i)
+}
+
+fn record(i: usize) {
+    let one_second = Duration::new(1, 0);
+    let one_frame = one_second / 60;
+
+    for d in Display::all().unwrap() {
+        println!("{:?} {} {}", d.origin(), d.width(), d.height());
+    }
+
+    let display = get_display(i);
+    let mut capturer = Capturer::new(display).expect("Couldn't begin capture.");
+    let (w, h) = (capturer.width(), capturer.height());
+
+    loop {
+        // Wait until there's a frame.
+
+        let frame = match capturer.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)) {
+            Ok(frame) => frame,
+            Err(error) => {
+                if error.kind() == WouldBlock {
+                    // Keep spinning.
+                    thread::sleep(one_frame);
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    panic!("Error: {}", error);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let Frame::PixelBuffer(frame) = frame else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let buffer = frame.data();
+        println!("Captured data len: {}, Saving...", buffer.len());
+
+        // Flip the BGRA image into a RGBA image.
+
+        let mut bitflipped = Vec::with_capacity(w * h * 4);
+        let stride = buffer.len() / h;
+
+        for y in 0..h {
+            for x in 0..w {
+                let i = stride * y + 4 * x;
+                bitflipped.extend_from_slice(&[buffer[i + 2], buffer[i + 1], buffer[i], 255]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Save the image.
+
+        let name = format!("screenshot{}_1.png", i);
+        repng::encode(
+            File::create(name.clone()).unwrap(),
+            w as u32,
+            h as u32,
+            &bitflipped,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        println!("Image saved to `{}`.", name);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    drop(capturer);
+    let display = get_display(i);
+    let mut capturer = Capturer::new(display).expect("Couldn't begin capture.");
+    let (w, h) = (capturer.width(), capturer.height());
+
+    loop {
+        // Wait until there's a frame.
+
+        let frame = match capturer.frame(Duration::from_millis(0)) {
+            Ok(frame) => frame,
+            Err(error) => {
+                if error.kind() == WouldBlock {
+                    // Keep spinning.
+                    thread::sleep(one_frame);
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    panic!("Error: {}", error);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let Frame::PixelBuffer(frame) = frame else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let buffer = frame.data();
+        println!("Captured data len: {}, Saving...", buffer.len());
+
+        let mut raw = Vec::new();
+        unsafe {
+            scrap::ARGBToRAW(
+                buffer.as_ptr(),
+                frame.stride()[0] as _,
+                (&mut raw).as_mut_ptr(),
+                (w * 3) as _,
+                w as _,
+                h as _,
+            )
+        };
+
+        let mut bitflipped = Vec::with_capacity(w * h * 4);
+        let stride = raw.len() / h;
+
+        for y in 0..h {
+            for x in 0..w {
+                let i = stride * y + 3 * x;
+                bitflipped.extend_from_slice(&[raw[i], raw[i + 1], raw[i + 2], 255]);
+            }
+        }
+        let name = format!("screenshot{}_2.png", i);
+        repng::encode(
+            File::create(name.clone()).unwrap(),
+            w as u32,
+            h as u32,
+            &bitflipped,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        println!("Image saved to `{}`.", name);
+        break;
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/android/ffi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+use jni::objects::JByteBuffer;
+use jni::objects::JString;
+use jni::objects::JValue;
+use jni::sys::jboolean;
+use jni::JNIEnv;
+use jni::{
+    objects::{GlobalRef, JClass, JObject},
+    strings::JNIString,
+    JavaVM,
+};
+
+use hbb_common::{message_proto::MultiClipboards, protobuf::Message};
+use jni::errors::{Error as JniError, Result as JniResult};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::ops::Not;
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering::SeqCst};
+use std::sync::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref JVM: RwLock<Option<JavaVM>> = RwLock::new(None);
+    static ref MAIN_SERVICE_CTX: RwLock<Option<GlobalRef>> = RwLock::new(None); // MainService -> video service / audio service / info
+    static ref APPLICATION_CONTEXT: RwLock<Option<GlobalRef>> = RwLock::new(None);
+    static ref VIDEO_RAW: Mutex<FrameRaw> = Mutex::new(FrameRaw::new("video", MAX_VIDEO_FRAME_TIMEOUT));
+    static ref AUDIO_RAW: Mutex<FrameRaw> = Mutex::new(FrameRaw::new("audio", MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_TIMEOUT));
+    static ref NDK_CONTEXT_INITED: Mutex<bool> = Default::default();
+    static ref MEDIA_CODEC_INFOS: RwLock<Option<MediaCodecInfos>> = RwLock::new(None);
+    static ref CLIPBOARD_MANAGER: RwLock<Option<GlobalRef>> = RwLock::new(None);
+    static ref CLIPBOARDS_HOST: Mutex<Option<MultiClipboards>> = Mutex::new(None);
+    static ref CLIPBOARDS_CLIENT: Mutex<Option<MultiClipboards>> = Mutex::new(None);
+}
+
+const MAX_VIDEO_FRAME_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
+const MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1000);
+
+struct FrameRaw {
+    name: &'static str,
+    ptr: AtomicPtr<u8>,
+    len: usize,
+    last_update: Instant,
+    timeout: Duration,
+    enable: bool,
+}
+
+impl FrameRaw {
+    fn new(name: &'static str, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
+        FrameRaw {
+            name,
+            ptr: AtomicPtr::default(),
+            len: 0,
+            last_update: Instant::now(),
+            timeout,
+            enable: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_enable(&mut self, value: bool) {
+        self.enable = value;
+        self.ptr.store(std::ptr::null_mut(), SeqCst);
+        self.len = 0;
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, data: *mut u8, len: usize) {
+        if self.enable.not() {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.len = len;
+        self.ptr.store(data, SeqCst);
+        self.last_update = Instant::now();
+    }
+
+    // take inner data as slice
+    // release when success
+    fn take<'a>(&mut self, dst: &mut Vec<u8>, last: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Option<()> {
+        if self.enable.not() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let ptr = self.ptr.load(SeqCst);
+        if ptr.is_null() || self.len == 0 {
+            None
+        } else {
+            if self.last_update.elapsed() > self.timeout {
+                log::trace!("Failed to take {} raw,timeout!", self.name);
+                return None;
+            }
+            let slice = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, self.len) };
+            self.release();
+            if last.len() == slice.len() && crate::would_block_if_equal(last, slice).is_err() {
+                return None;
+            }
+            dst.resize(slice.len(), 0);
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(slice.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), slice.len());
+            }
+            Some(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn release(&mut self) {
+        self.len = 0;
+        self.ptr.store(std::ptr::null_mut(), SeqCst);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_video_raw<'a>(dst: &mut Vec<u8>, last: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Option<()> {
+    VIDEO_RAW.lock().ok()?.take(dst, last)
+}
+
+pub fn get_audio_raw<'a>(dst: &mut Vec<u8>, last: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Option<()> {
+    AUDIO_RAW.lock().ok()?.take(dst, last)
+}
+
+pub fn get_clipboards(client: bool) -> Option<MultiClipboards> {
+    if client {
+        CLIPBOARDS_CLIENT.lock().ok()?.take()
+    } else {
+        CLIPBOARDS_HOST.lock().ok()?.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_onVideoFrameUpdate(
+    env: JNIEnv,
+    _class: JClass,
+    buffer: JObject,
+) {
+    let jb = JByteBuffer::from(buffer);
+    if let Ok(data) = env.get_direct_buffer_address(&jb) {
+        if let Ok(len) = env.get_direct_buffer_capacity(&jb) {
+            VIDEO_RAW.lock().unwrap().update(data, len);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_onAudioFrameUpdate(
+    env: JNIEnv,
+    _class: JClass,
+    buffer: JObject,
+) {
+    let jb = JByteBuffer::from(buffer);
+    if let Ok(data) = env.get_direct_buffer_address(&jb) {
+        if let Ok(len) = env.get_direct_buffer_capacity(&jb) {
+            AUDIO_RAW.lock().unwrap().update(data, len);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_onClipboardUpdate(
+    env: JNIEnv,
+    _class: JClass,
+    buffer: JByteBuffer,
+) {
+    if let Ok(data) = env.get_direct_buffer_address(&buffer) {
+        if let Ok(len) = env.get_direct_buffer_capacity(&buffer) {
+            let data = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, len) };
+            if let Ok(clips) = MultiClipboards::parse_from_bytes(&data[1..]) {
+                let is_client = data[0] == 1;
+                if is_client {
+                    *CLIPBOARDS_CLIENT.lock().unwrap() = Some(clips);
+                } else {
+                    *CLIPBOARDS_HOST.lock().unwrap() = Some(clips);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_setFrameRawEnable(
+    env: JNIEnv,
+    _class: JClass,
+    name: JString,
+    value: jboolean,
+) {
+    let mut env = env;
+    if let Ok(name) = env.get_string(&name) {
+        let name: String = name.into();
+        let value = value.eq(&1);
+        if name.eq("video") {
+            VIDEO_RAW.lock().unwrap().set_enable(value);
+        } else if name.eq("audio") {
+            AUDIO_RAW.lock().unwrap().set_enable(value);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_init(env: JNIEnv, _class: JClass, ctx: JObject) {
+    log::debug!("MainService init from java");
+    if let Ok(jvm) = env.get_java_vm() {
+        let java_vm = jvm.get_java_vm_pointer() as *mut c_void;
+        let mut jvm_lock = JVM.write().unwrap();
+        if jvm_lock.is_none() {
+            *jvm_lock = Some(jvm);
+        }
+        drop(jvm_lock);
+        if let Ok(context) = env.new_global_ref(ctx) {
+            let context_jobject = context.as_obj().as_raw() as *mut c_void;
+            *MAIN_SERVICE_CTX.write().unwrap() = Some(context);
+            init_ndk_context(java_vm, context_jobject);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_setClipboardManager(
+    env: JNIEnv,
+    _class: JClass,
+    clipboard_manager: JObject,
+) {
+    log::debug!("ClipboardManager init from java");
+    if let Ok(jvm) = env.get_java_vm() {
+        let java_vm = jvm.get_java_vm_pointer() as *mut c_void;
+        let mut jvm_lock = JVM.write().unwrap();
+        if jvm_lock.is_none() {
+            *jvm_lock = Some(jvm);
+        }
+        drop(jvm_lock);
+        if let Ok(manager) = env.new_global_ref(clipboard_manager) {
+            *CLIPBOARD_MANAGER.write().unwrap() = Some(manager);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct MediaCodecInfo {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub is_encoder: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub hw: Option<bool>, // api 29+
+    pub mime_type: String,
+    pub surface: bool,
+    pub nv12: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub low_latency: Option<bool>, // api 30+, decoder
+    pub min_bitrate: u32,
+    pub max_bitrate: u32,
+    pub min_width: usize,
+    pub max_width: usize,
+    pub min_height: usize,
+    pub max_height: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct MediaCodecInfos {
+    pub version: usize,
+    pub w: usize, // aligned
+    pub h: usize, // aligned
+    pub codecs: Vec<MediaCodecInfo>,
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_setCodecInfo(env: JNIEnv, _class: JClass, info: JString) {
+    let mut env = env;
+    if let Ok(info) = env.get_string(&info) {
+        let info: String = info.into();
+        if let Ok(infos) = serde_json::from_str::<MediaCodecInfos>(&info) {
+            *MEDIA_CODEC_INFOS.write().unwrap() = Some(infos);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_codec_info() -> Option<MediaCodecInfos> {
+    MEDIA_CODEC_INFOS.read().unwrap().as_ref().cloned()
+}
+
+pub fn clear_codec_info() {
+    *MEDIA_CODEC_INFOS.write().unwrap() = None;
+}
+
+// another way to fix "reference table overflow" error caused by new_string and call_main_service_pointer_input frequently calld
+// is below, but here I change kind from string to int for performance
+/*
+        env.with_local_frame(10, || {
+            let kind = env.new_string(kind)?;
+            env.call_method(
+                ctx,
+                "rustPointerInput",
+                "(Ljava/lang/String;III)V",
+                &[
+                    JValue::Object(&JObject::from(kind)),
+                    JValue::Int(mask),
+                    JValue::Int(x),
+                    JValue::Int(y),
+                ],
+            )?;
+            Ok(JObject::null())
+        })?;
+*/
+pub fn call_main_service_pointer_input(kind: &str, mask: i32, x: i32, y: i32) -> JniResult<()> {
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(ctx)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        MAIN_SERVICE_CTX.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread_as_daemon()?;
+        let kind = if kind == "touch" { 0 } else { 1 };
+        env.call_method(
+            ctx,
+            "rustPointerInput",
+            "(IIII)V",
+            &[
+                JValue::Int(kind),
+                JValue::Int(mask),
+                JValue::Int(x),
+                JValue::Int(y),
+            ],
+        )?;
+        return Ok(());
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn call_main_service_key_event(data: &[u8]) -> JniResult<()> {
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(ctx)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        MAIN_SERVICE_CTX.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread_as_daemon()?;
+        let data = env.byte_array_from_slice(data)?;
+
+        env.call_method(
+            ctx,
+            "rustKeyEventInput",
+            "([B)V",
+            &[JValue::Object(&JObject::from(data))],
+        )?;
+        return Ok(());
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+fn _call_clipboard_manager<S, T>(name: S, sig: T, args: &[JValue]) -> JniResult<()>
+where
+    S: Into<JNIString>,
+    T: Into<JNIString> + AsRef<str>,
+{
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(cm)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        CLIPBOARD_MANAGER.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread()?;
+        env.call_method(cm, name, sig, args)?;
+        return Ok(());
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn call_clipboard_manager_update_clipboard(data: &[u8]) -> JniResult<()> {
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(cm)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        CLIPBOARD_MANAGER.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread()?;
+        let data = env.byte_array_from_slice(data)?;
+
+        env.call_method(
+            cm,
+            "rustUpdateClipboard",
+            "([B)V",
+            &[JValue::Object(&JObject::from(data))],
+        )?;
+        return Ok(());
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn call_clipboard_manager_enable_client_clipboard(enable: bool) -> JniResult<()> {
+    _call_clipboard_manager(
+        "rustEnableClientClipboard",
+        "(Z)V",
+        &[JValue::Bool(jboolean::from(enable))],
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn call_main_service_get_by_name(name: &str) -> JniResult<String> {
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(ctx)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        MAIN_SERVICE_CTX.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread_as_daemon()?;
+        let res = env.with_local_frame(10, |env| -> JniResult<String> {
+            let name = env.new_string(name)?;
+            let res = env
+                .call_method(
+                    ctx,
+                    "rustGetByName",
+                    "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
+                    &[JValue::Object(&JObject::from(name))],
+                )?
+                .l()?;
+            let res = JString::from(res);
+            let res = env.get_string(&res)?;
+            let res = res.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+            Ok(res)
+        })?;
+        Ok(res)
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn call_main_service_set_by_name(
+    name: &str,
+    arg1: Option<&str>,
+    arg2: Option<&str>,
+) -> JniResult<()> {
+    if let (Some(jvm), Some(ctx)) = (
+        JVM.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+        MAIN_SERVICE_CTX.read().unwrap().as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread_as_daemon()?;
+        env.with_local_frame(10, |env| -> JniResult<()> {
+            let name = env.new_string(name)?;
+            let arg1 = env.new_string(arg1.unwrap_or(""))?;
+            let arg2 = env.new_string(arg2.unwrap_or(""))?;
+
+            env.call_method(
+                ctx,
+                "rustSetByName",
+                "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V",
+                &[
+                    JValue::Object(&JObject::from(name)),
+                    JValue::Object(&JObject::from(arg1)),
+                    JValue::Object(&JObject::from(arg2)),
+                ],
+            )?;
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+        return Ok(());
+    } else {
+        return Err(JniError::ThrowFailed(-1));
+    }
+}
+
+// Difference between MainService, MainActivity, JNI_OnLoad:
+//  jvm is the same, ctx is differen and ctx of JNI_OnLoad is null.
+//  cpal: all three works
+//  Service(GetByName, ...): only ctx from MainService works, so use 2 init context functions
+// On app start: JNI_OnLoad or MainActivity init context
+// On service start first time: MainService replace the context
+
+fn init_ndk_context(java_vm: *mut c_void, context_jobject: *mut c_void) {
+    let mut lock = NDK_CONTEXT_INITED.lock().unwrap();
+    if *lock {
+        unsafe {
+            ndk_context::release_android_context();
+        }
+        *lock = false;
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        ndk_context::initialize_android_context(java_vm, context_jobject);
+        #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+        hwcodec::android::ffmpeg_set_java_vm(java_vm);
+    }
+    *lock = true;
+}
+
+fn try_init_rustls_platform_verifier(env: &mut JNIEnv, context_jobject: *mut c_void) {
+    use hbb_common::config::ANDROID_RUSTLS_PLATFORM_VERIFIER_INITIALIZED as INITIALIZED;
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+    let initialized = INITIALIZED.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    if !initialized {
+        let ctx_for_rustls = unsafe { JObject::from_raw(context_jobject as jni::sys::jobject) };
+        if let Err(e) =
+            hbb_common::rustls_platform_verifier::android::init_hosted(env, ctx_for_rustls)
+        {
+            log::error!("Failed to initialize rustls-platform-verifier: {:?}", e);
+        } else {
+            INITIALIZED.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            log::info!("rustls-platform-verifier initialized successfully");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://cjycode.com/flutter_rust_bridge/guides/how-to/ndk-init
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn JNI_OnLoad(vm: jni::JavaVM, res: *mut std::os::raw::c_void) -> jni::sys::jint {
+    if let Ok(env) = vm.get_env() {
+        let vm = vm.get_java_vm_pointer() as *mut std::os::raw::c_void;
+        init_ndk_context(vm, res);
+    }
+    jni::JNIVersion::V6.into()
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_ffi_FFI_onAppStart(mut env: JNIEnv, _class: JClass, ctx: JObject) {
+    if ctx.is_null() {
+        log::error!("application context is null");
+        return;
+    }
+    if APPLICATION_CONTEXT.read().unwrap().is_some() {
+        log::info!("application context already initialized");
+        return;
+    }
+    if let Ok(jvm) = env.get_java_vm() {
+        if let Ok(context) = env.new_global_ref(ctx) {
+            let java_vm = jvm.get_java_vm_pointer() as *mut c_void;
+            let context_jobject = context.as_obj().as_raw() as *mut c_void;
+            *APPLICATION_CONTEXT.write().unwrap() = Some(context);
+            try_init_rustls_platform_verifier(&mut env, context_jobject);
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/android/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod ffi;
+
+pub use ffi::*;

libs/scrap/src/bindings/aom_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <aom/aom.h>
+#include <aom/aom_image.h>
+#include <aom/aom_integer.h> 
+#include <aom/aom_codec.h>
+#include <aom/aom_external_partition.h>
+#include <aom/aom_frame_buffer.h> 
+#include <aom/aom_encoder.h>
+#include <aom/aom_decoder.h>
+#include <aom/aomcx.h>
+#include <aom/aomdx.h> 

libs/scrap/src/bindings/vpx_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <vpx/vp8.h>
+#include <vpx/vp8cx.h>
+#include <vpx/vp8dx.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_codec.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_decoder.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_encoder.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_frame_buffer.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_image.h>
+#include <vpx/vpx_integer.h>

libs/scrap/src/bindings/yuv_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include <libyuv/convert.h>
+#include <libyuv/convert_argb.h>
+#include <libyuv/convert_from.h>
+#include <libyuv/convert_from_argb.h>
+#include <libyuv/rotate.h>
+#include <libyuv/rotate_argb.h>

libs/scrap/src/common/android.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+use crate::android::ffi::*;
+use crate::{Frame, Pixfmt};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::{io, time::Duration};
+
+lazy_static! {
+   pub(crate)  static ref SCREEN_SIZE: Mutex<(u16, u16, u16)> = Mutex::new((0, 0, 0)); // (width, height, scale)
+}
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    display: Display,
+    rgba: Vec<u8>,
+    saved_raw_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        Ok(Capturer {
+            display,
+            rgba: Vec::new(),
+            saved_raw_data: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.display.width() as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.display.height() as usize
+    }
+}
+
+impl crate::TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        if get_video_raw(&mut self.rgba, &mut self.saved_raw_data).is_some() {
+            Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::new(
+                &self.rgba,
+                self.width(),
+                self.height(),
+            )))
+        } else {
+            return Err(io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    data: &'a [u8],
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    stride: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(data: &'a [u8], width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+        let stride0 = data.len() / height;
+        let mut stride = Vec::new();
+        stride.push(stride0);
+        PixelBuffer {
+            data,
+            width,
+            height,
+            stride,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> crate::TraitPixelBuffer for PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.data
+    }
+
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
+        self.stride.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn pixfmt(&self) -> Pixfmt {
+        Pixfmt::RGBA
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display {
+    default: bool,
+    rect: Rect,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+struct Rect {
+    pub x: i16,
+    pub y: i16,
+    pub w: u16,
+    pub h: u16,
+}
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        let mut size = SCREEN_SIZE.lock().unwrap();
+        if size.0 == 0 || size.1 == 0 {
+            *size = get_size().unwrap_or_default();
+        }
+        Ok(Display {
+            default: true,
+            rect: Rect {
+                x: 0,
+                y: 0,
+                w: size.0,
+                h: size.1,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        Ok(vec![Display::primary()?])
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.rect.w as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.rect.h as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let r = self.rect;
+        (r.x as _, r.y as _)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        self.default
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        "Android".into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh_size() {
+        let mut size = SCREEN_SIZE.lock().unwrap();
+        *size = get_size().unwrap_or_default();
+    }
+
+    // Big android screen size will be shrinked, to improve performance when screen-capturing and encoding
+    // e.g 2280x1080 size will be set to 1140x540, and `scale` is 2
+    // need to multiply by `4` (2*2) when compute the bitrate
+    pub fn fix_quality() -> u16 {
+        let scale = SCREEN_SIZE.lock().unwrap().2;
+        if scale <= 0 {
+            1
+        } else {
+            scale * scale
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_size() -> Option<(u16, u16, u16)> {
+    let res = call_main_service_get_by_name("screen_size").ok()?;
+    if let Ok(json) = serde_json::from_str::<HashMap<String, Value>>(&res) {
+        if let (Some(Value::Number(w)), Some(Value::Number(h)), Some(Value::Number(scale))) =
+            (json.get("width"), json.get("height"), json.get("scale"))
+        {
+            let w = w.as_i64()? as _;
+            let h = h.as_i64()? as _;
+            let scale = scale.as_i64()? as _;
+            return Some((w, h, scale));
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn is_start() -> Option<bool> {
+    let res = call_main_service_get_by_name("is_start").ok()?;
+    Some(res == "true")
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/aom.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(improper_ctypes)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/aom_ffi.rs"));
+
+use crate::codec::{base_bitrate, codec_thread_num};
+use crate::{codec::EncoderApi, EncodeFrame, STRIDE_ALIGN};
+use crate::{common::GoogleImage, generate_call_macro, generate_call_ptr_macro, Error, Result};
+use crate::{EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, Pixfmt};
+use hbb_common::{
+    anyhow::{anyhow, Context},
+    bytes::Bytes,
+    log,
+    message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
+    ResultType,
+};
+use std::{ptr, slice};
+
+generate_call_macro!(call_aom, false);
+generate_call_macro!(call_aom_allow_err, true);
+generate_call_ptr_macro!(call_aom_ptr);
+
+impl Default for aom_codec_enc_cfg_t {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for aom_codec_ctx_t {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for aom_image_t {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct AomEncoderConfig {
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub quality: f32,
+    pub keyframe_interval: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+pub struct AomEncoder {
+    ctx: aom_codec_ctx_t,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    i444: bool,
+    yuvfmt: EncodeYuvFormat,
+}
+
+// https://webrtc.googlesource.com/src/+/refs/heads/main/modules/video_coding/codecs/av1/libaom_av1_encoder.cc
+mod webrtc {
+    use super::*;
+
+    const kUsageProfile: u32 = AOM_USAGE_REALTIME;
+    const kBitDepth: u32 = 8;
+    const kLagInFrames: u32 = 0; // No look ahead.
+    pub(super) const kTimeBaseDen: i64 = 1000;
+
+    // Only positive speeds, range for real-time coding currently is: 6 - 8.
+    // Lower means slower/better quality, higher means fastest/lower quality.
+    fn get_cpu_speed(width: u32, height: u32) -> u32 {
+        // aux_config_ = nullptr, kComplexityHigh
+        if width * height <= 320 * 180 {
+            8
+        } else if width * height <= 640 * 360 {
+            9
+        } else {
+            10
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_super_block_size(width: u32, height: u32, threads: u32) -> aom_superblock_size_t {
+        use aom_superblock_size::*;
+        let resolution = width * height;
+        if threads >= 4 && resolution >= 960 * 540 && resolution < 1920 * 1080 {
+            AOM_SUPERBLOCK_SIZE_64X64
+        } else {
+            AOM_SUPERBLOCK_SIZE_DYNAMIC
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn enc_cfg(
+        i: *const aom_codec_iface,
+        cfg: AomEncoderConfig,
+        i444: bool,
+    ) -> ResultType<aom_codec_enc_cfg> {
+        let mut c = unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() };
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_enc_config_default(i, &mut c, kUsageProfile));
+
+        // Overwrite default config with input encoder settings & RTC-relevant values.
+        c.g_w = cfg.width;
+        c.g_h = cfg.height;
+        c.g_threads = codec_thread_num(64) as _;
+        c.g_timebase.num = 1;
+        c.g_timebase.den = kTimeBaseDen as _;
+        c.g_input_bit_depth = kBitDepth;
+        if let Some(keyframe_interval) = cfg.keyframe_interval {
+            c.kf_min_dist = 0;
+            c.kf_max_dist = keyframe_interval as _;
+        } else {
+            c.kf_mode = aom_kf_mode::AOM_KF_DISABLED;
+        }
+        let (q_min, q_max) = AomEncoder::calc_q_values(cfg.quality);
+        c.rc_min_quantizer = q_min;
+        c.rc_max_quantizer = q_max;
+        c.rc_target_bitrate = AomEncoder::bitrate(cfg.width as _, cfg.height as _, cfg.quality);
+        c.rc_undershoot_pct = 50;
+        c.rc_overshoot_pct = 50;
+        c.rc_buf_initial_sz = 600;
+        c.rc_buf_optimal_sz = 600;
+        c.rc_buf_sz = 1000;
+        c.g_usage = kUsageProfile;
+        c.g_error_resilient = 0;
+        // Low-latency settings.
+        c.rc_end_usage = aom_rc_mode::AOM_CBR; // Constant Bit Rate (CBR) mode
+        c.g_pass = aom_enc_pass::AOM_RC_ONE_PASS; // One-pass rate control
+        c.g_lag_in_frames = kLagInFrames; // No look ahead when lag equals 0.
+
+        // https://aomedia.googlesource.com/aom/+/refs/tags/v3.6.0/av1/common/enums.h#82
+        c.g_profile = if i444 { 1 } else { 0 };
+
+        Ok(c)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_controls(ctx: *mut aom_codec_ctx_t, cfg: &aom_codec_enc_cfg) -> ResultType<()> {
+        use aom_tune_content::*;
+        use aome_enc_control_id::*;
+        macro_rules! call_ctl {
+            ($ctx:expr, $av1e:expr, $arg:expr) => {{
+                call_aom_allow_err!(aom_codec_control($ctx, $av1e as i32, $arg));
+            }};
+        }
+
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AOME_SET_CPUUSED, get_cpu_speed(cfg.g_w, cfg.g_h));
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_CDEF, 1);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_TPL_MODEL, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_DELTAQ_MODE, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_ORDER_HINT, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_AQ_MODE, 3);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AOME_SET_MAX_INTRA_BITRATE_PCT, 300);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_COEFF_COST_UPD_FREQ, 3);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_MODE_COST_UPD_FREQ, 3);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_MV_COST_UPD_FREQ, 3);
+        // kScreensharing
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_TUNE_CONTENT, AOM_CONTENT_SCREEN);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_PALETTE, 1);
+        let tile_set = if cfg.g_threads == 4 && cfg.g_w == 640 && (cfg.g_h == 360 || cfg.g_h == 480)
+        {
+            AV1E_SET_TILE_ROWS
+        } else {
+            AV1E_SET_TILE_COLUMNS
+        };
+        // Failed on android
+        call_ctl!(ctx, tile_set, (cfg.g_threads as f64 * 1.0f64).log2().ceil());
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ROW_MT, 1);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_OBMC, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_NOISE_SENSITIVITY, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_WARPED_MOTION, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_GLOBAL_MOTION, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_REF_FRAME_MVS, 0);
+        call_ctl!(
+            ctx,
+            AV1E_SET_SUPERBLOCK_SIZE,
+            get_super_block_size(cfg.g_w, cfg.g_h, cfg.g_threads)
+        );
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_CFL_INTRA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_SMOOTH_INTRA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_ANGLE_DELTA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_FILTER_INTRA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_INTRA_DEFAULT_TX_ONLY, 1);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_DISABLE_TRELLIS_QUANT, 1);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_DIST_WTD_COMP, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_DIFF_WTD_COMP, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_DUAL_FILTER, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_INTERINTRA_COMP, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_INTERINTRA_WEDGE, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_INTRA_EDGE_FILTER, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_INTRABC, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_MASKED_COMP, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_PAETH_INTRA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_QM, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_RECT_PARTITIONS, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_RESTORATION, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_SMOOTH_INTERINTRA, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_ENABLE_TX64, 0);
+        call_ctl!(ctx, AV1E_SET_MAX_REFERENCE_FRAMES, 3);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl EncoderApi for AomEncoder {
+    fn new(cfg: crate::codec::EncoderCfg, i444: bool) -> ResultType<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        match cfg {
+            crate::codec::EncoderCfg::AOM(config) => {
+                let i = call_aom_ptr!(aom_codec_av1_cx());
+                let c = webrtc::enc_cfg(i, config, i444)?;
+
+                let mut ctx = Default::default();
+                // Flag options: AOM_CODEC_USE_PSNR and AOM_CODEC_USE_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                let flags: aom_codec_flags_t = 0;
+                call_aom!(aom_codec_enc_init_ver(
+                    &mut ctx,
+                    i,
+                    &c,
+                    flags,
+                    AOM_ENCODER_ABI_VERSION as _
+                ));
+                webrtc::set_controls(&mut ctx, &c)?;
+                Ok(Self {
+                    ctx,
+                    width: config.width as _,
+                    height: config.height as _,
+                    i444,
+                    yuvfmt: Self::get_yuvfmt(config.width, config.height, i444),
+                })
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("encoder type mismatch")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_message(&mut self, input: EncodeInput, ms: i64) -> ResultType<VideoFrame> {
+        let mut frames = Vec::new();
+        for ref frame in self
+            .encode(ms, input.yuv()?, STRIDE_ALIGN)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to encode")?
+        {
+            frames.push(Self::create_frame(frame));
+        }
+        if frames.len() > 0 {
+            Ok(Self::create_video_frame(frames))
+        } else {
+            Err(anyhow!("no valid frame"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn yuvfmt(&self) -> crate::EncodeYuvFormat {
+        self.yuvfmt.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn input_texture(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_quality(&mut self, ratio: f32) -> ResultType<()> {
+        let mut c = unsafe { *self.ctx.config.enc.to_owned() };
+        let (q_min, q_max) = Self::calc_q_values(ratio);
+        c.rc_min_quantizer = q_min;
+        c.rc_max_quantizer = q_max;
+        c.rc_target_bitrate = Self::bitrate(self.width as _, self.height as _, ratio);
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_enc_config_set(&mut self.ctx, &c));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
+        let c = unsafe { *self.ctx.config.enc.to_owned() };
+        c.rc_target_bitrate
+    }
+
+    fn support_changing_quality(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn latency_free(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn is_hardware(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn disable(&self) {}
+}
+
+impl AomEncoder {
+    pub fn encode<'a>(&'a mut self, ms: i64, data: &[u8], stride_align: usize) -> Result<EncodeFrames<'a>> {
+        let bpp = if self.i444 { 24 } else { 12 };
+        if data.len() < self.width * self.height * bpp / 8 {
+            return Err(Error::FailedCall("len not enough".to_string()));
+        }
+        let fmt = if self.i444 {
+            aom_img_fmt::AOM_IMG_FMT_I444
+        } else {
+            aom_img_fmt::AOM_IMG_FMT_I420
+        };
+
+        let mut image = Default::default();
+        call_aom_ptr!(aom_img_wrap(
+            &mut image,
+            fmt,
+            self.width as _,
+            self.height as _,
+            stride_align as _,
+            data.as_ptr() as _,
+        ));
+        let pts = webrtc::kTimeBaseDen / 1000 * ms;
+        let duration = webrtc::kTimeBaseDen / 1000;
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_encode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            &image,
+            pts as _,
+            duration as _, // Duration
+            0,             // Flags
+        ));
+
+        Ok(EncodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn create_video_frame(frames: Vec<EncodedVideoFrame>) -> VideoFrame {
+        let mut vf = VideoFrame::new();
+        let av1s = EncodedVideoFrames {
+            frames: frames.into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        vf.set_av1s(av1s);
+        vf
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn create_frame(frame: &EncodeFrame) -> EncodedVideoFrame {
+        EncodedVideoFrame {
+            data: Bytes::from(frame.data.to_vec()),
+            key: frame.key,
+            pts: frame.pts,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(width: u32, height: u32, ratio: f32) -> u32 {
+        let bitrate = base_bitrate(width, height) as f32;
+        (bitrate * ratio) as u32
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn calc_q_values(ratio: f32) -> (u32, u32) {
+        let b = (ratio * 100.0) as u32;
+        let b = std::cmp::min(b, 200);
+        let q_min1 = 24;
+        let q_min2 = 5;
+        let q_max1 = 45;
+        let q_max2 = 25;
+
+        let t = b as f32 / 200.0;
+
+        let mut q_min: u32 = ((1.0 - t) * q_min1 as f32 + t * q_min2 as f32).round() as u32;
+        let mut q_max = ((1.0 - t) * q_max1 as f32 + t * q_max2 as f32).round() as u32;
+
+        q_min = q_min.clamp(q_min2, q_min1);
+        q_max = q_max.clamp(q_max2, q_max1);
+
+        (q_min, q_max)
+    }
+
+    fn get_yuvfmt(width: u32, height: u32, i444: bool) -> EncodeYuvFormat {
+        let mut img = Default::default();
+        let fmt = if i444 {
+            aom_img_fmt::AOM_IMG_FMT_I444
+        } else {
+            aom_img_fmt::AOM_IMG_FMT_I420
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            aom_img_wrap(
+                &mut img,
+                fmt,
+                width as _,
+                height as _,
+                crate::STRIDE_ALIGN as _,
+                0x1 as _,
+            );
+        }
+        let pixfmt = if i444 { Pixfmt::I444 } else { Pixfmt::I420 };
+        EncodeYuvFormat {
+            pixfmt,
+            w: img.w as _,
+            h: img.h as _,
+            stride: img.stride.map(|s| s as usize).to_vec(),
+            u: img.planes[1] as usize - img.planes[0] as usize,
+            v: img.planes[2] as usize - img.planes[0] as usize,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for AomEncoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let result = aom_codec_destroy(&mut self.ctx);
+            if result != aom_codec_err_t::AOM_CODEC_OK {
+                panic!("failed to destroy aom codec");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EncodeFrames<'a> {
+    ctx: &'a mut aom_codec_ctx_t,
+    iter: aom_codec_iter_t,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for EncodeFrames<'a> {
+    type Item = EncodeFrame<'a>;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        loop {
+            unsafe {
+                let pkt = aom_codec_get_cx_data(self.ctx, &mut self.iter);
+                if pkt.is_null() {
+                    return None;
+                } else if (*pkt).kind == aom_codec_cx_pkt_kind::AOM_CODEC_CX_FRAME_PKT {
+                    let f = &(*pkt).data.frame;
+                    return Some(Self::Item {
+                        data: slice::from_raw_parts(f.buf as _, f.sz as _),
+                        key: (f.flags & AOM_FRAME_IS_KEY) != 0,
+                        pts: f.pts,
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    // Ignore the packet.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct AomDecoder {
+    ctx: aom_codec_ctx_t,
+}
+
+impl AomDecoder {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let i = call_aom_ptr!(aom_codec_av1_dx());
+        let mut ctx = Default::default();
+        let cfg = aom_codec_dec_cfg_t {
+            threads: codec_thread_num(64) as _,
+            w: 0,
+            h: 0,
+            allow_lowbitdepth: 1,
+        };
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_dec_init_ver(
+            &mut ctx,
+            i,
+            &cfg,
+            0,
+            AOM_DECODER_ABI_VERSION as _,
+        ));
+        Ok(Self { ctx })
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode<'a>(&'a mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<DecodeFrames<'a>> {
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_decode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            data.as_ptr(),
+            data.len() as _,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        ));
+
+        Ok(DecodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Notify the decoder to return any pending frame
+    pub fn flush<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<DecodeFrames<'a>> {
+        call_aom!(aom_codec_decode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            ptr::null(),
+            0,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        ));
+        Ok(DecodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for AomDecoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let result = aom_codec_destroy(&mut self.ctx);
+            if result != aom_codec_err_t::AOM_CODEC_OK {
+                panic!("failed to destroy aom codec");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DecodeFrames<'a> {
+    ctx: &'a mut aom_codec_ctx_t,
+    iter: aom_codec_iter_t,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for DecodeFrames<'a> {
+    type Item = Image;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        let img = unsafe { aom_codec_get_frame(self.ctx, &mut self.iter) };
+        if img.is_null() {
+            return None;
+        } else {
+            return Some(Image(img));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Image(*mut aom_image_t);
+impl Image {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(std::ptr::null_mut())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_null()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn format(&self) -> aom_img_fmt_t {
+        self.inner().fmt
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &aom_image_t {
+        unsafe { &*self.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GoogleImage for Image {
+    #[inline]
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner().d_w as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner().d_h as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<i32> {
+        self.inner().stride.iter().map(|x| *x as i32).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn planes(&self) -> Vec<*mut u8> {
+        self.inner().planes.iter().map(|p| *p as *mut u8).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn chroma(&self) -> Chroma {
+        match self.inner().fmt {
+            aom_img_fmt::AOM_IMG_FMT_I444 => Chroma::I444,
+            _ => Chroma::I420,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Image {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !self.0.is_null() {
+            unsafe { aom_img_free(self.0) };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for aom_codec_ctx_t {}

libs/scrap/src/common/camera.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+use std::{
+    io,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+use nokhwa::{
+    pixel_format::RgbAFormat,
+    query,
+    utils::{ApiBackend, CameraIndex, RequestedFormat, RequestedFormatType},
+    Camera,
+};
+
+use hbb_common::message_proto::{DisplayInfo, Resolution};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+use crate::AdapterDevice;
+
+use crate::common::{bail, ResultType};
+use crate::{Frame, TraitCapturer};
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+use crate::{PixelBuffer, Pixfmt};
+
+pub const PRIMARY_CAMERA_IDX: usize = 0;
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref SYNC_CAMERA_DISPLAYS: Arc<Mutex<Vec<DisplayInfo>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux")))]
+const CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED: &str = "This platform doesn't support camera yet";
+
+pub struct Cameras;
+
+// pre-condition
+pub fn primary_camera_exists() -> bool {
+    Cameras::exists(PRIMARY_CAMERA_IDX)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+impl Cameras {
+    pub fn all_info() -> ResultType<Vec<DisplayInfo>> {
+        match query(ApiBackend::Auto) {
+            Ok(cameras) => {
+                let mut camera_displays = SYNC_CAMERA_DISPLAYS.lock().unwrap();
+                camera_displays.clear();
+                // FIXME: nokhwa returns duplicate info for one physical camera on linux for now.
+                // issue: https://github.com/l1npengtul/nokhwa/issues/171
+                // Use only one camera as a temporary hack.
+                cfg_if::cfg_if! {
+                    if #[cfg(target_os = "linux")] {
+                        let Some(info) = cameras.first() else {
+                            bail!("No camera found")
+                        };
+                        // Use index (0) camera as main camera, fallback to the first camera if index (0) is not available.
+                        // But maybe we also need to check index (1) or the lowest index camera.
+                        //
+                        // https://askubuntu.com/questions/234362/how-to-fix-this-problem-where-sometimes-dev-video0-becomes-automatically-dev
+                        // https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/pull/12010#issue-3125329069
+                        let mut camera_index = info.index().clone();
+                        if !matches!(camera_index, CameraIndex::Index(0)) {
+                            if cameras.iter().any(|cam| matches!(cam.index(), CameraIndex::Index(0))) {
+                                camera_index = CameraIndex::Index(0);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        let camera = Self::create_camera(&camera_index)?;
+                        let resolution = camera.resolution();
+                        let (width, height) = (resolution.width() as i32, resolution.height() as i32);
+                        camera_displays.push(DisplayInfo {
+                            x: 0,
+                            y: 0,
+                            name: info.human_name().clone(),
+                            width,
+                            height,
+                            online: true,
+                            cursor_embedded: false,
+                            scale:1.0,
+                            original_resolution: Some(Resolution {
+                                width,
+                                height,
+                                ..Default::default()
+                            }).into(),
+                            ..Default::default()
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        let mut x = 0;
+                        for info in &cameras {
+                            let camera = Self::create_camera(info.index())?;
+                            let resolution = camera.resolution();
+                            let (width, height) = (resolution.width() as i32, resolution.height() as i32);
+                            camera_displays.push(DisplayInfo {
+                                x,
+                                y: 0,
+                                name: info.human_name().clone(),
+                                width,
+                                height,
+                                online: true,
+                                cursor_embedded: false,
+                                scale:1.0,
+                                original_resolution: Some(Resolution {
+                                    width,
+                                    height,
+                                    ..Default::default()
+                                }).into(),
+                                ..Default::default()
+                            });
+                            x += width;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(camera_displays.clone())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                bail!("Query cameras error: {}", e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn exists(index: usize) -> bool {
+        match query(ApiBackend::Auto) {
+            Ok(cameras) => index < cameras.len(),
+            _ => return false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_camera(index: &CameraIndex) -> ResultType<Camera> {
+        let format_type = if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+            RequestedFormatType::None
+        } else {
+            RequestedFormatType::AbsoluteHighestResolution
+        };
+        let result = Camera::new(
+            index.clone(),
+            RequestedFormat::new::<RgbAFormat>(format_type),
+        );
+        match result {
+            Ok(camera) => Ok(camera),
+            Err(e) => bail!("create camera{} error:  {}", index, e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_camera_resolution(index: usize) -> ResultType<Resolution> {
+        let index = CameraIndex::Index(index as u32);
+        let camera = Self::create_camera(&index)?;
+        let resolution = camera.resolution();
+        Ok(Resolution {
+            width: resolution.width() as i32,
+            height: resolution.height() as i32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_sync_cameras() -> Vec<DisplayInfo> {
+        SYNC_CAMERA_DISPLAYS.lock().unwrap().clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_capturer(current: usize) -> ResultType<Box<dyn TraitCapturer>> {
+        Ok(Box::new(CameraCapturer::new(current)?))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux")))]
+impl Cameras {
+    pub fn all_info() -> ResultType<Vec<DisplayInfo>> {
+        return Ok(Vec::new());
+    }
+
+    pub fn exists(_index: usize) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_camera_resolution(_index: usize) -> ResultType<Resolution> {
+        bail!(CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_sync_cameras() -> Vec<DisplayInfo> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_capturer(_current: usize) -> ResultType<Box<dyn TraitCapturer>> {
+        bail!(CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+pub struct CameraCapturer {
+    camera: Camera,
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+    last_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux")))]
+pub struct CameraCapturer;
+
+impl CameraCapturer {
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+    fn new(current: usize) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        let index = CameraIndex::Index(current as u32);
+        let camera = Cameras::create_camera(&index)?;
+        Ok(CameraCapturer {
+            camera,
+            data: Vec::new(),
+            last_data: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux")))]
+    fn new(_current: usize) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        bail!(CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for CameraCapturer {
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux"))]
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout: std::time::Duration) -> std::io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        // TODO: move this check outside `frame`.
+        if !self.camera.is_stream_open() {
+            if let Err(e) = self.camera.open_stream() {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!("Camera open stream error: {}", e),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        match self.camera.frame() {
+            Ok(buffer) => {
+                match buffer.decode_image::<RgbAFormat>() {
+                    Ok(decoded) => {
+                        self.data = decoded.as_raw().to_vec();
+                        crate::would_block_if_equal(&mut self.last_data, &self.data)?;
+                        // FIXME: macos's PixelBuffer cannot be directly created from bytes slice.
+                        cfg_if::cfg_if! {
+                            if #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "windows"))] {
+                                Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::new(
+                                    &self.data,
+                                    Pixfmt::RGBA,
+                                    decoded.width() as usize,
+                                    decoded.height() as usize,
+                                )))
+                            } else {
+                                Err(io::Error::new(
+                                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                                    format!("Camera is not supported on this platform yet"),
+                                ))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!("Camera frame decode error: {}", e),
+                    )),
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!("Camera frame error: {}", e),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "linux")))]
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout: std::time::Duration) -> std::io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED.to_string(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn is_gdi(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn set_gdi(&mut self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn device(&self) -> AdapterDevice {
+        AdapterDevice::default()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn set_output_texture(&mut self, _texture: bool) {}
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/convert.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(improper_ctypes)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/yuv_ffi.rs"));
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
+use crate::PixelBuffer;
+use crate::{generate_call_macro, EncodeYuvFormat, TraitPixelBuffer};
+use hbb_common::{bail, log, ResultType};
+
+generate_call_macro!(call_yuv, false);
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
+pub fn convert_to_yuv(
+    captured: &PixelBuffer,
+    dst_fmt: EncodeYuvFormat,
+    dst: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    mid_data: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> ResultType<()> {
+    let src = captured.data();
+    let src_stride = captured.stride();
+    let src_pixfmt = captured.pixfmt();
+    let src_width = captured.width();
+    let src_height = captured.height();
+    if src_width > dst_fmt.w || src_height > dst_fmt.h {
+        bail!(
+            "src rect > dst rect: ({src_width}, {src_height}) > ({},{})",
+            dst_fmt.w,
+            dst_fmt.h
+        );
+    }
+    if src_pixfmt == crate::Pixfmt::BGRA
+        || src_pixfmt == crate::Pixfmt::RGBA
+        || src_pixfmt == crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE
+    {
+        // stride is calculated, not real, so we need to check it
+        if src_stride[0] < src_width * src_pixfmt.bytes_per_pixel() {
+            bail!(
+                "src_stride too small: {} < {}",
+                src_stride[0],
+                src_width * src_pixfmt.bytes_per_pixel()
+            );
+        }
+        if src.len() < src_stride[0] * src_height {
+            bail!(
+                "wrong src len, {} < {} * {}",
+                src.len(),
+                src_stride[0],
+                src_height
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    let align = |x: usize| (x + 63) / 64 * 64;
+    let unsupported = format!(
+        "unsupported pixfmt conversion: {src_pixfmt:?} -> {:?}",
+        dst_fmt.pixfmt
+    );
+
+    match (src_pixfmt, dst_fmt.pixfmt) {
+        (crate::Pixfmt::BGRA, crate::Pixfmt::I420)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGBA, crate::Pixfmt::I420)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE, crate::Pixfmt::I420) => {
+            let dst_stride_y = dst_fmt.stride[0];
+            let dst_stride_uv = dst_fmt.stride[1];
+            dst.resize(dst_fmt.h * dst_stride_y * 2, 0); // waste some memory to ensure memory safety
+            let dst_y = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+            let dst_u = dst[dst_fmt.u..].as_mut_ptr();
+            let dst_v = dst[dst_fmt.v..].as_mut_ptr();
+            let f = match src_pixfmt {
+                crate::Pixfmt::BGRA => ARGBToI420,
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGBA => ABGRToI420,
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE => RGB565ToI420,
+                _ => bail!(unsupported),
+            };
+            call_yuv!(f(
+                src.as_ptr(),
+                src_stride[0] as _,
+                dst_y,
+                dst_stride_y as _,
+                dst_u,
+                dst_stride_uv as _,
+                dst_v,
+                dst_stride_uv as _,
+                src_width as _,
+                src_height as _,
+            ));
+        }
+        (crate::Pixfmt::BGRA, crate::Pixfmt::NV12)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGBA, crate::Pixfmt::NV12)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE, crate::Pixfmt::NV12) => {
+            let dst_stride_y = dst_fmt.stride[0];
+            let dst_stride_uv = dst_fmt.stride[1];
+            dst.resize(
+                align(dst_fmt.h) * (align(dst_stride_y) + align(dst_stride_uv / 2)),
+                0,
+            );
+            let dst_y = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+            let dst_uv = dst[dst_fmt.u..].as_mut_ptr();
+            let (input, input_stride) = match src_pixfmt {
+                crate::Pixfmt::BGRA => (src.as_ptr(), src_stride[0]),
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGBA => (src.as_ptr(), src_stride[0]),
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE => {
+                    let mid_stride = src_width * 4;
+                    mid_data.resize(mid_stride * src_height, 0);
+                    call_yuv!(RGB565ToARGB(
+                        src.as_ptr(),
+                        src_stride[0] as _,
+                        mid_data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        mid_stride as _,
+                        src_width as _,
+                        src_height as _,
+                    ));
+                    (mid_data.as_ptr(), mid_stride)
+                }
+                _ => bail!(unsupported),
+            };
+            let f = match src_pixfmt {
+                crate::Pixfmt::BGRA => ARGBToNV12,
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGBA => ABGRToNV12,
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE => ARGBToNV12,
+                _ => bail!(unsupported),
+            };
+            call_yuv!(f(
+                input,
+                input_stride as _,
+                dst_y,
+                dst_stride_y as _,
+                dst_uv,
+                dst_stride_uv as _,
+                src_width as _,
+                src_height as _,
+            ));
+        }
+        (crate::Pixfmt::BGRA, crate::Pixfmt::I444)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGBA, crate::Pixfmt::I444)
+        | (crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE, crate::Pixfmt::I444) => {
+            let dst_stride_y = dst_fmt.stride[0];
+            let dst_stride_u = dst_fmt.stride[1];
+            let dst_stride_v = dst_fmt.stride[2];
+            dst.resize(
+                align(dst_fmt.h)
+                    * (align(dst_stride_y) + align(dst_stride_u) + align(dst_stride_v)),
+                0,
+            );
+            let dst_y = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+            let dst_u = dst[dst_fmt.u..].as_mut_ptr();
+            let dst_v = dst[dst_fmt.v..].as_mut_ptr();
+            let (input, input_stride) = match src_pixfmt {
+                crate::Pixfmt::BGRA => (src.as_ptr(), src_stride[0]),
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGBA => {
+                    mid_data.resize(src.len(), 0);
+                    call_yuv!(ABGRToARGB(
+                        src.as_ptr(),
+                        src_stride[0] as _,
+                        mid_data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        src_stride[0] as _,
+                        src_width as _,
+                        src_height as _,
+                    ));
+                    (mid_data.as_ptr(), src_stride[0])
+                }
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGB565LE => {
+                    let mid_stride = src_width * 4;
+                    mid_data.resize(mid_stride * src_height, 0);
+                    call_yuv!(RGB565ToARGB(
+                        src.as_ptr(),
+                        src_stride[0] as _,
+                        mid_data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        mid_stride as _,
+                        src_width as _,
+                        src_height as _,
+                    ));
+                    (mid_data.as_ptr(), mid_stride)
+                }
+                _ => bail!(unsupported),
+            };
+
+            call_yuv!(ARGBToI444(
+                input,
+                input_stride as _,
+                dst_y,
+                dst_stride_y as _,
+                dst_u,
+                dst_stride_u as _,
+                dst_v,
+                dst_stride_v as _,
+                src_width as _,
+                src_height as _,
+            ));
+        }
+        _ => {
+            bail!(unsupported);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
+pub fn convert(captured: &PixelBuffer, pixfmt: crate::Pixfmt, dst: &mut Vec<u8>) -> ResultType<()> {
+    if captured.pixfmt() == pixfmt {
+        dst.extend_from_slice(captured.data());
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let src = captured.data();
+    let src_stride = captured.stride();
+    let src_pixfmt = captured.pixfmt();
+    let src_width = captured.width();
+    let src_height = captured.height();
+
+    let unsupported = format!(
+        "unsupported pixfmt conversion: {src_pixfmt:?} -> {:?}",
+        pixfmt
+    );
+
+    match (src_pixfmt, pixfmt) {
+        (crate::Pixfmt::BGRA, crate::Pixfmt::RGBA) | (crate::Pixfmt::RGBA, crate::Pixfmt::BGRA) => {
+            dst.resize(src.len(), 0);
+            call_yuv!(ABGRToARGB(
+                src.as_ptr(),
+                src_stride[0] as _,
+                dst.as_mut_ptr(),
+                src_stride[0] as _,
+                src_width as _,
+                src_height as _,
+            ));
+        }
+        _ => {
+            bail!(unsupported);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/dxgi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+use crate::AdapterDevice;
+use crate::{common::TraitCapturer, dxgi, Frame, Pixfmt};
+use std::{
+    io::{
+        self,
+        ErrorKind::{NotFound, TimedOut, WouldBlock},
+    },
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    inner: dxgi::Capturer,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        let width = display.width();
+        let height = display.height();
+        let inner = dxgi::Capturer::new(display.0)?;
+        Ok(Capturer {
+            inner,
+            width,
+            height,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn cancel_gdi(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.cancel_gdi()
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        match self.inner.frame(timeout.as_millis() as _) {
+            Ok(frame) => Ok(frame),
+            Err(ref error) if error.kind() == TimedOut => Err(WouldBlock.into()),
+            Err(error) => Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_gdi(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_gdi()
+    }
+
+    fn set_gdi(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.set_gdi()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn device(&self) -> AdapterDevice {
+        self.inner.device()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn set_output_texture(&mut self, texture: bool) {
+        self.inner.set_output_texture(texture);
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    data: &'a [u8],
+    pixfmt: Pixfmt,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    stride: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(data: &'a [u8], pixfmt: Pixfmt, width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+        let stride0 = data.len() / height;
+        let mut stride = Vec::new();
+        stride.push(stride0);
+        PixelBuffer {
+            data,
+            pixfmt,
+            width,
+            height,
+            stride,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    pub fn with_BGRA(data: &'a [u8], width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::new(data, Pixfmt::BGRA, width, height)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> crate::TraitPixelBuffer for PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.data
+    }
+
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
+        self.stride.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn pixfmt(&self) -> Pixfmt {
+        self.pixfmt
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display(dxgi::Display);
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        // not implemented yet
+        Err(NotFound.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        let displays_gdi = dxgi::Displays::get_from_gdi()
+            .drain(..)
+            .map(Display)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let displays_dxgi = Self::all_().unwrap_or(Default::default());
+
+        // Return gdi displays if dxgi is not supported
+        if displays_dxgi.is_empty() {
+            println!("Display got from gdi");
+            return Ok(displays_gdi);
+        }
+
+        // Return dxgi displays if length is not equal
+        if displays_dxgi.len() != displays_gdi.len() {
+            return Ok(displays_dxgi);
+        }
+
+        // Check if names are equal
+        let names_gdi = displays_gdi.iter().map(|d| d.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let names_dxgi = displays_dxgi.iter().map(|d| d.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        for name in names_gdi.iter() {
+            if !names_dxgi.contains(name) {
+                return Ok(displays_dxgi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Reorder displays from dxgi
+        let mut displays_dxgi = displays_dxgi;
+        let mut displays_dxgi_ordered = Vec::new();
+        for name in names_gdi.iter() {
+            let pos = match displays_dxgi.iter().position(|d| d.name() == *name) {
+                Some(pos) => pos,
+                None => {
+                    // unreachable!
+                    0
+                }
+            };
+            displays_dxgi_ordered.push(displays_dxgi.remove(pos));
+        }
+
+        Ok(displays_dxgi_ordered)
+    }
+
+    fn all_() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        Ok(dxgi::Displays::new()?.map(Display).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.width() as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.height() as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        use std::ffi::OsString;
+        use std::os::windows::prelude::*;
+        OsString::from_wide(self.0.name())
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_online()
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        self.0.origin()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-devmodea
+        self.origin() == (0, 0)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    pub fn adapter_luid(&self) -> Option<i64> {
+        self.0.adapter_luid()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CapturerMag {
+    inner: dxgi::mag::CapturerMag,
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl CapturerMag {
+    pub fn is_supported() -> bool {
+        dxgi::mag::CapturerMag::is_supported()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(origin: (i32, i32), width: usize, height: usize) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(CapturerMag {
+            inner: dxgi::mag::CapturerMag::new(origin, width, height)?,
+            data: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn exclude(&mut self, cls: &str, name: &str) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        self.inner.exclude(cls, name)
+    }
+    // ((x, y), w, h)
+    pub fn get_rect(&self) -> ((i32, i32), usize, usize) {
+        self.inner.get_rect()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for CapturerMag {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout_ms: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        self.inner.frame(&mut self.data)?;
+        Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::with_BGRA(
+            &self.data,
+            self.inner.get_rect().1,
+            self.inner.get_rect().2,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn is_gdi(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_gdi(&mut self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn device(&self) -> AdapterDevice {
+        AdapterDevice::default()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn set_output_texture(&mut self, _texture: bool) {}
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/hwcodec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,763 @@
+use crate::{
+    codec::{base_bitrate, codec_thread_num, enable_hwcodec_option, EncoderApi, EncoderCfg},
+    convert::*,
+    CodecFormat, EncodeInput, ImageFormat, ImageRgb, Pixfmt, HW_STRIDE_ALIGN,
+};
+use hbb_common::{
+    anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context},
+    bytes::Bytes,
+    log,
+    message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
+    serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize},
+    serde_json, ResultType,
+};
+use hwcodec::{
+    common::{
+        DataFormat, HwcodecErrno,
+        Quality::{self, *},
+        RateControl::{self, *},
+    },
+    ffmpeg::AVPixelFormat,
+    ffmpeg_ram::{
+        decode::{DecodeContext, DecodeFrame, Decoder},
+        encode::{EncodeContext, EncodeFrame, Encoder},
+        ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length, CodecInfo,
+    },
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_PIXFMT: AVPixelFormat = AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_NV12;
+pub const DEFAULT_FPS: i32 = 30;
+const DEFAULT_GOP: i32 = i32::MAX;
+const DEFAULT_HW_QUALITY: Quality = Quality_Default;
+pub const ERR_HEVC_POC: i32 = HwcodecErrno::HWCODEC_ERR_HEVC_COULD_NOT_FIND_POC as i32;
+
+crate::generate_call_macro!(call_yuv, false);
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref CONFIG: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<HwCodecConfig>>> = Default::default();
+    static ref CONFIG_SET_BY_IPC: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<bool>> = Default::default();
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct HwRamEncoderConfig {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub mc_name: Option<String>,
+    pub width: usize,
+    pub height: usize,
+    pub quality: f32,
+    pub keyframe_interval: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+pub struct HwRamEncoder {
+    encoder: Encoder,
+    pub format: DataFormat,
+    pub pixfmt: AVPixelFormat,
+    bitrate: u32, //kbs
+    config: HwRamEncoderConfig,
+}
+
+impl EncoderApi for HwRamEncoder {
+    fn new(cfg: EncoderCfg, _i444: bool) -> ResultType<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        match cfg {
+            EncoderCfg::HWRAM(config) => {
+                let rc = Self::rate_control(&config);
+                let mut bitrate =
+                    Self::bitrate(&config.name, config.width, config.height, config.quality);
+                bitrate = Self::check_bitrate_range(&config, bitrate);
+                let gop = config.keyframe_interval.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_GOP as _) as i32;
+                let ctx = EncodeContext {
+                    name: config.name.clone(),
+                    mc_name: config.mc_name.clone(),
+                    width: config.width as _,
+                    height: config.height as _,
+                    pixfmt: DEFAULT_PIXFMT,
+                    align: HW_STRIDE_ALIGN as _,
+                    kbs: bitrate as i32,
+                    fps: DEFAULT_FPS,
+                    gop,
+                    quality: DEFAULT_HW_QUALITY,
+                    rc,
+                    q: -1,
+                    thread_count: codec_thread_num(16) as _, // ffmpeg's thread_count is used for cpu
+                };
+                let format = match Encoder::format_from_name(config.name.clone()) {
+                    Ok(format) => format,
+                    Err(_) => {
+                        return Err(anyhow!(format!(
+                            "failed to get format from name:{}",
+                            config.name
+                        )))
+                    }
+                };
+                match Encoder::new(ctx.clone()) {
+                    Ok(encoder) => Ok(HwRamEncoder {
+                        encoder,
+                        format,
+                        pixfmt: ctx.pixfmt,
+                        bitrate,
+                        config,
+                    }),
+                    Err(_) => Err(anyhow!(format!("Failed to create encoder"))),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("encoder type mismatch")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_message(&mut self, input: EncodeInput, ms: i64) -> ResultType<VideoFrame> {
+        let mut vf = VideoFrame::new();
+        let mut frames = Vec::new();
+        for frame in self
+            .encode(input.yuv()?, ms)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to encode")?
+        {
+            frames.push(EncodedVideoFrame {
+                data: Bytes::from(frame.data),
+                pts: frame.pts,
+                key: frame.key == 1,
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        }
+        if frames.len() > 0 {
+            let frames = EncodedVideoFrames {
+                frames: frames.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            };
+            match self.format {
+                DataFormat::H264 => vf.set_h264s(frames),
+                DataFormat::H265 => vf.set_h265s(frames),
+                _ => bail!("unsupported format: {:?}", self.format),
+            }
+            Ok(vf)
+        } else {
+            Err(anyhow!("no valid frame"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn yuvfmt(&self) -> crate::EncodeYuvFormat {
+        let pixfmt = if self.pixfmt == AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_NV12 {
+            Pixfmt::NV12
+        } else {
+            Pixfmt::I420
+        };
+        let stride = self
+            .encoder
+            .linesize
+            .clone()
+            .drain(..)
+            .map(|i| i as usize)
+            .collect();
+        crate::EncodeYuvFormat {
+            pixfmt,
+            w: self.encoder.ctx.width as _,
+            h: self.encoder.ctx.height as _,
+            stride,
+            u: self.encoder.offset[0] as _,
+            v: if pixfmt == Pixfmt::NV12 {
+                0
+            } else {
+                self.encoder.offset[1] as _
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn input_texture(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_quality(&mut self, ratio: f32) -> ResultType<()> {
+        let mut bitrate = Self::bitrate(
+            &self.config.name,
+            self.config.width,
+            self.config.height,
+            ratio,
+        );
+        if bitrate > 0 {
+            bitrate = Self::check_bitrate_range(&self.config, bitrate);
+            self.encoder.set_bitrate(bitrate as _).ok();
+            self.bitrate = bitrate;
+        }
+        self.config.quality = ratio;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.bitrate
+    }
+
+    fn support_changing_quality(&self) -> bool {
+        ["vaapi"].iter().all(|&x| !self.config.name.contains(x))
+    }
+
+    fn latency_free(&self) -> bool {
+        ["mediacodec", "videotoolbox"]
+            .iter()
+            .all(|&x| !self.config.name.contains(x))
+    }
+
+    fn is_hardware(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn disable(&self) {
+        HwCodecConfig::clear(false, true);
+    }
+}
+
+impl HwRamEncoder {
+    pub fn try_get(format: CodecFormat) -> Option<CodecInfo> {
+        let mut info = None;
+        let best = CodecInfo::prioritized(HwCodecConfig::get().ram_encode);
+        match format {
+            CodecFormat::H264 => {
+                if let Some(v) = best.h264 {
+                    info = Some(v);
+                }
+            }
+            CodecFormat::H265 => {
+                if let Some(v) = best.h265 {
+                    info = Some(v);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        info
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode(&mut self, yuv: &[u8], ms: i64) -> ResultType<Vec<EncodeFrame>> {
+        match self.encoder.encode(yuv, ms) {
+            Ok(v) => {
+                let mut data = Vec::<EncodeFrame>::new();
+                data.append(v);
+                Ok(data)
+            }
+            Err(_) => Ok(Vec::<EncodeFrame>::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rate_control(_config: &HwRamEncoderConfig) -> RateControl {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+        if _config.name.contains("mediacodec") {
+            return RC_VBR;
+        }
+        RC_CBR
+    }
+
+    pub fn bitrate(name: &str, width: usize, height: usize, ratio: f32) -> u32 {
+        Self::calc_bitrate(width, height, ratio, name.contains("h264"))
+    }
+
+    pub fn calc_bitrate(width: usize, height: usize, ratio: f32, h264: bool) -> u32 {
+        let base = base_bitrate(width as _, height as _) as f32 * ratio;
+        let threshold = 2000.0;
+        let decay_rate = 0.001; // 1000 * 0.001 = 1
+        let factor: f32 = if cfg!(target_os = "android") {
+            // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26110337/what-are-valid-bit-rates-to-set-for-mediacodec?rq=3
+            if base > threshold {
+                1.0 + 4.0 / (1.0 + (base - threshold) * decay_rate)
+            } else {
+                5.0
+            }
+        } else if h264 {
+            if base > threshold {
+                1.0 + 1.0 / (1.0 + (base - threshold) * decay_rate)
+            } else {
+                2.0
+            }
+        } else {
+            if base > threshold {
+                1.0 + 0.5 / (1.0 + (base - threshold) * decay_rate)
+            } else {
+                1.5
+            }
+        };
+        (base * factor) as u32
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_bitrate_range(_config: &HwRamEncoderConfig, bitrate: u32) -> u32 {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+        if _config.name.contains("mediacodec") {
+            let info = crate::android::ffi::get_codec_info();
+            if let Some(info) = info {
+                if let Some(codec) = info
+                    .codecs
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|c| Some(c.name.clone()) == _config.mc_name && c.is_encoder)
+                {
+                    if codec.max_bitrate > codec.min_bitrate {
+                        if bitrate > codec.max_bitrate {
+                            return codec.max_bitrate;
+                        }
+                        if bitrate < codec.min_bitrate {
+                            return codec.min_bitrate;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        bitrate
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct HwRamDecoder {
+    decoder: Decoder,
+    pub info: CodecInfo,
+}
+
+impl HwRamDecoder {
+    pub fn try_get(format: CodecFormat) -> Option<CodecInfo> {
+        let mut info = None;
+        let soft = CodecInfo::soft();
+        match format {
+            CodecFormat::H264 => {
+                if let Some(v) = soft.h264 {
+                    info = Some(v);
+                }
+            }
+            CodecFormat::H265 => {
+                if let Some(v) = soft.h265 {
+                    info = Some(v);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        if enable_hwcodec_option() {
+            let best = CodecInfo::prioritized(HwCodecConfig::get().ram_decode);
+            match format {
+                CodecFormat::H264 => {
+                    if let Some(v) = best.h264 {
+                        info = Some(v);
+                    }
+                }
+                CodecFormat::H265 => {
+                    if let Some(v) = best.h265 {
+                        info = Some(v);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        info
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(format: CodecFormat) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        let info = HwRamDecoder::try_get(format);
+        log::info!("try create {info:?} ram decoder");
+        let Some(info) = info else {
+            bail!("unsupported format: {:?}", format);
+        };
+        let ctx = DecodeContext {
+            name: info.name.clone(),
+            device_type: info.hwdevice.clone(),
+            thread_count: codec_thread_num(16) as _,
+        };
+        match Decoder::new(ctx) {
+            Ok(decoder) => Ok(HwRamDecoder { decoder, info }),
+            Err(_) => {
+                HwCodecConfig::clear(false, false);
+                Err(anyhow!(format!("Failed to create decoder")))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn decode<'a>(&'a mut self, data: &[u8]) -> ResultType<Vec<HwRamDecoderImage<'a>>> {
+        match self.decoder.decode(data) {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v.iter().map(|f| HwRamDecoderImage { frame: f }).collect()),
+            Err(e) => Err(anyhow!(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct HwRamDecoderImage<'a> {
+    frame: &'a DecodeFrame,
+}
+
+impl HwRamDecoderImage<'_> {
+    // rgb [in/out] fmt and stride must be set in ImageRgb
+    pub fn to_fmt(&self, rgb: &mut ImageRgb, i420: &mut Vec<u8>) -> ResultType<()> {
+        let frame = self.frame;
+        let width = frame.width;
+        let height = frame.height;
+        rgb.w = width as _;
+        rgb.h = height as _;
+        let dst_align = rgb.align();
+        let bytes_per_row = (rgb.w * 4 + dst_align - 1) & !(dst_align - 1);
+        rgb.raw.resize(rgb.h * bytes_per_row, 0);
+        match frame.pixfmt {
+            AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_NV12 => {
+                // I420ToARGB is much faster than NV12ToARGB in tests on Windows
+                if cfg!(windows) {
+                    let Ok((linesize_i420, offset_i420, len_i420)) = ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length(
+                        AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
+                        width as _,
+                        height as _,
+                        HW_STRIDE_ALIGN,
+                    ) else {
+                        bail!("failed to get i420 linesize, offset, length");
+                    };
+                    i420.resize(len_i420 as _, 0);
+                    let i420_offset_y = unsafe { i420.as_ptr().add(0) as _ };
+                    let i420_offset_u = unsafe { i420.as_ptr().add(offset_i420[0] as _) as _ };
+                    let i420_offset_v = unsafe { i420.as_ptr().add(offset_i420[1] as _) as _ };
+                    call_yuv!(NV12ToI420(
+                        frame.data[0].as_ptr(),
+                        frame.linesize[0],
+                        frame.data[1].as_ptr(),
+                        frame.linesize[1],
+                        i420_offset_y,
+                        linesize_i420[0],
+                        i420_offset_u,
+                        linesize_i420[1],
+                        i420_offset_v,
+                        linesize_i420[2],
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                    ));
+                    let f = match rgb.fmt() {
+                        ImageFormat::ARGB => I420ToARGB,
+                        ImageFormat::ABGR => I420ToABGR,
+                        _ => bail!("unsupported format: {:?} -> {:?}", frame.pixfmt, rgb.fmt()),
+                    };
+                    call_yuv!(f(
+                        i420_offset_y,
+                        linesize_i420[0],
+                        i420_offset_u,
+                        linesize_i420[1],
+                        i420_offset_v,
+                        linesize_i420[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    let f = match rgb.fmt() {
+                        ImageFormat::ARGB => NV12ToARGB,
+                        ImageFormat::ABGR => NV12ToABGR,
+                        _ => bail!("unsupported format: {:?} -> {:?}", frame.pixfmt, rgb.fmt()),
+                    };
+                    call_yuv!(f(
+                        frame.data[0].as_ptr(),
+                        frame.linesize[0],
+                        frame.data[1].as_ptr(),
+                        frame.linesize[1],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+            AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P => {
+                let f = match rgb.fmt() {
+                    ImageFormat::ARGB => I420ToARGB,
+                    ImageFormat::ABGR => I420ToABGR,
+                    _ => bail!("unsupported format: {:?} -> {:?}", frame.pixfmt, rgb.fmt()),
+                };
+                call_yuv!(f(
+                    frame.data[0].as_ptr(),
+                    frame.linesize[0],
+                    frame.data[1].as_ptr(),
+                    frame.linesize[1],
+                    frame.data[2].as_ptr(),
+                    frame.linesize[2],
+                    rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                    bytes_per_row as _,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn get_mime_type(codec: DataFormat) -> &'static str {
+    match codec {
+        DataFormat::VP8 => "video/x-vnd.on2.vp8",
+        DataFormat::VP9 => "video/x-vnd.on2.vp9",
+        DataFormat::AV1 => "video/av01",
+        DataFormat::H264 => "video/avc",
+        DataFormat::H265 => "video/hevc",
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct HwCodecConfig {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub signature: u64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub ram_encode: Vec<CodecInfo>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub ram_decode: Vec<CodecInfo>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub vram_encode: Vec<hwcodec::vram::FeatureContext>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub vram_decode: Vec<hwcodec::vram::DecodeContext>,
+}
+
+// HwCodecConfig2 is used to store the config in json format,
+// confy can't serde HwCodecConfig successfully if the non-first struct Vec is empty due to old toml version.
+// struct T { a: Vec<A>, b: Vec<String>} will fail if b is empty, but struct T { a: Vec<String>, b: Vec<String>} is ok.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+struct HwCodecConfig2 {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub config: String,
+}
+
+// ipc server process start check process once, other process get from ipc server once
+// install: --server start check process, check process send to --server,  ui get from --server
+// portable: ui start check process, check process send to ui
+// sciter and unilink: get from ipc server
+impl HwCodecConfig {
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
+    pub fn set(config: String) {
+        let config = serde_json::from_str(&config).unwrap_or_default();
+        log::info!("set hwcodec config");
+        log::debug!("{config:?}");
+        #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "macos"))]
+        hbb_common::config::common_store(
+            &HwCodecConfig2 {
+                config: serde_json::to_string_pretty(&config).unwrap_or_default(),
+            },
+            "_hwcodec",
+        );
+        *CONFIG.lock().unwrap() = Some(config);
+        *CONFIG_SET_BY_IPC.lock().unwrap() = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn get() -> HwCodecConfig {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+        {
+            let info = crate::android::ffi::get_codec_info();
+            log::info!("all codec info: {info:?}");
+            struct T {
+                name_prefix: &'static str,
+                data_format: DataFormat,
+            }
+            let ts = vec![
+                T {
+                    name_prefix: "h264",
+                    data_format: DataFormat::H264,
+                },
+                T {
+                    name_prefix: "hevc",
+                    data_format: DataFormat::H265,
+                },
+            ];
+            let mut e = vec![];
+            if let Some(info) = info {
+                ts.iter().for_each(|t| {
+                    let codecs: Vec<_> = info
+                        .codecs
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|c| {
+                            c.is_encoder
+                                && c.mime_type.as_str() == get_mime_type(t.data_format)
+                                && c.nv12
+                                && c.hw == Some(true) //only use hardware codec
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+                    let screen_wh = std::cmp::max(info.w, info.h);
+                    let mut best = None;
+                    if let Some(codec) = codecs
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|c| c.max_width >= screen_wh && c.max_height >= screen_wh)
+                    {
+                        best = Some(codec.name.clone());
+                    } else {
+                        // find the max resolution
+                        let mut max_area = 0;
+                        for codec in codecs.iter() {
+                            if codec.max_width * codec.max_height > max_area {
+                                best = Some(codec.name.clone());
+                                max_area = codec.max_width * codec.max_height;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let Some(best) = best {
+                        e.push(CodecInfo {
+                            name: format!("{}_mediacodec", t.name_prefix),
+                            mc_name: Some(best),
+                            format: t.data_format,
+                            hwdevice: hwcodec::ffmpeg::AVHWDeviceType::AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
+                            priority: 0,
+                        });
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            log::debug!("e: {e:?}");
+            HwCodecConfig {
+                ram_encode: e,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "macos"))]
+        {
+            let config = CONFIG.lock().unwrap().clone();
+            match config {
+                Some(c) => c,
+                None => {
+                    log::info!("try load cached hwcodec config");
+                    let c = hbb_common::config::common_load::<HwCodecConfig2>("_hwcodec");
+                    let c: HwCodecConfig = serde_json::from_str(&c.config).unwrap_or_default();
+                    let new_signature = hwcodec::common::get_gpu_signature();
+                    if c.signature == new_signature {
+                        log::debug!("load cached hwcodec config: {c:?}");
+                        *CONFIG.lock().unwrap() = Some(c.clone());
+                        c
+                    } else {
+                        log::info!(
+                            "gpu signature changed, {} -> {}",
+                            c.signature,
+                            new_signature
+                        );
+                        HwCodecConfig::default()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            CONFIG.lock().unwrap().clone().unwrap_or_default()
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
+        {
+            HwCodecConfig::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
+    pub fn get_set_value() -> Option<HwCodecConfig> {
+        let set = CONFIG_SET_BY_IPC.lock().unwrap().clone();
+        if set {
+            CONFIG.lock().unwrap().clone()
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
+    pub fn already_set() -> bool {
+        CONFIG_SET_BY_IPC.lock().unwrap().clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(vram: bool, encode: bool) {
+        log::info!("clear hwcodec config, vram: {vram}, encode: {encode}");
+        #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+        crate::android::ffi::clear_codec_info();
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+        {
+            let mut c = CONFIG.lock().unwrap();
+            if let Some(c) = c.as_mut() {
+                if vram {
+                    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+                    if encode {
+                        c.vram_encode = vec![];
+                    } else {
+                        c.vram_decode = vec![];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if encode {
+                        c.ram_encode = vec![];
+                    } else {
+                        c.ram_decode = vec![];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        crate::codec::Encoder::update(crate::codec::EncodingUpdate::Check);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn check_available_hwcodec() -> String {
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "macos"))]
+    hwcodec::common::setup_parent_death_signal();
+    let ctx = EncodeContext {
+        name: String::from(""),
+        mc_name: None,
+        width: 1280,
+        height: 720,
+        pixfmt: DEFAULT_PIXFMT,
+        align: HW_STRIDE_ALIGN as _,
+        kbs: 1000,
+        fps: DEFAULT_FPS,
+        gop: DEFAULT_GOP,
+        quality: DEFAULT_HW_QUALITY,
+        rc: RC_CBR,
+        q: -1,
+        thread_count: 4,
+    };
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    let vram = crate::vram::check_available_vram();
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    let vram_string = vram.2;
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "vram"))]
+    let vram_string = "".to_owned();
+    let c = HwCodecConfig {
+        ram_encode: Encoder::available_encoders(ctx, Some(vram_string)),
+        ram_decode: Decoder::available_decoders(),
+        #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+        vram_encode: vram.0,
+        #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+        vram_decode: vram.1,
+        signature: hwcodec::common::get_gpu_signature(),
+    };
+    log::debug!("{c:?}");
+    serde_json::to_string(&c).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
+pub fn start_check_process() {
+    if !enable_hwcodec_option() || HwCodecConfig::already_set() {
+        return;
+    }
+    use hbb_common::allow_err;
+    use std::sync::Once;
+    let f = || {
+        if let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() {
+            if let Some(_) = exe.file_name().to_owned() {
+                let arg = "--check-hwcodec-config";
+                if let Ok(mut child) = std::process::Command::new(exe).arg(arg).spawn() {
+                    #[cfg(windows)]
+                    hwcodec::common::child_exit_when_parent_exit(child.id());
+                    // wait up to 30 seconds, it maybe slow on windows startup for poorly performing machines
+                    for _ in 0..30 {
+                        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+                        if let Ok(Some(_)) = child.try_wait() {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    allow_err!(child.kill());
+                    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(30));
+                    match child.try_wait() {
+                        Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                            log::info!("Check hwcodec config, exit with: {status}")
+                        }
+                        Ok(None) => {
+                            log::info!(
+                                "Check hwcodec config, status not ready yet, let's really wait"
+                            );
+                            let res = child.wait();
+                            log::info!("Check hwcodec config, wait result: {res:?}");
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            log::error!("Check hwcodec config, error attempting to wait: {e}")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    };
+    static ONCE: Once = Once::new();
+    ONCE.call_once(|| {
+        std::thread::spawn(f);
+    });
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use crate::{
+    common::{
+        wayland,
+        x11::{self},
+        TraitCapturer,
+    },
+    Frame,
+};
+use std::{io, time::Duration};
+
+pub enum Capturer {
+    X11(x11::Capturer),
+    WAYLAND(wayland::Capturer),
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        Ok(match display {
+            Display::X11(d) => Capturer::X11(x11::Capturer::new(d)?),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => Capturer::WAYLAND(wayland::Capturer::new(d)?),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Capturer::X11(d) => d.width(),
+            Capturer::WAYLAND(d) => d.width(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Capturer::X11(d) => d.height(),
+            Capturer::WAYLAND(d) => d.height(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Capturer::X11(d) => d.frame(timeout),
+            Capturer::WAYLAND(d) => d.frame(timeout),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum Display {
+    X11(x11::Display),
+    WAYLAND(wayland::Display),
+}
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        Ok(if super::is_x11() {
+            Display::X11(x11::Display::primary()?)
+        } else {
+            Display::WAYLAND(wayland::Display::primary()?)
+        })
+    }
+
+    // Currently, wayland need to call wayland::clear() before call Display::all()
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        Ok(if super::is_x11() {
+            x11::Display::all()?
+                .drain(..)
+                .map(|x| Display::X11(x))
+                .collect()
+        } else {
+            wayland::Display::all()?
+                .drain(..)
+                .map(|x| Display::WAYLAND(x))
+                .collect()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.width(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.width(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.height(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.height(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale(&self) -> f64 {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(_d) => 1.0,
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.scale(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn logical_width(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.width(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.logical_width(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn logical_height(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.height(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.logical_height(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.origin(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.origin(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.is_online(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.is_online(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.is_primary(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.is_primary(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Display::X11(d) => d.name(),
+            Display::WAYLAND(d) => d.name(),
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/mediacodec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use hbb_common::{anyhow::Error, bail, log, ResultType};
+use ndk::media::media_codec::{MediaCodec, MediaCodecDirection, MediaFormat};
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::{
+    io::Write,
+    sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+use crate::ImageFormat;
+use crate::{
+    codec::{EncoderApi, EncoderCfg},
+    CodecFormat, I420ToABGR, I420ToARGB, ImageRgb,
+};
+
+/// MediaCodec mime type name
+const H264_MIME_TYPE: &str = "video/avc";
+const H265_MIME_TYPE: &str = "video/hevc";
+// const VP8_MIME_TYPE: &str = "video/x-vnd.on2.vp8";
+// const VP9_MIME_TYPE: &str = "video/x-vnd.on2.vp9";
+
+// TODO MediaCodecEncoder
+
+pub static H264_DECODER_SUPPORT: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+pub static H265_DECODER_SUPPORT: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+pub struct MediaCodecDecoder {
+    decoder: MediaCodec,
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl Deref for MediaCodecDecoder {
+    type Target = MediaCodec;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.decoder
+    }
+}
+
+impl MediaCodecDecoder {
+    pub fn new(format: CodecFormat) -> Option<MediaCodecDecoder> {
+        match format {
+            CodecFormat::H264 => create_media_codec(H264_MIME_TYPE, MediaCodecDirection::Decoder),
+            CodecFormat::H265 => create_media_codec(H265_MIME_TYPE, MediaCodecDirection::Decoder),
+            _ => {
+                log::error!("Unsupported codec format: {}", format);
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // rgb [in/out] fmt and stride must be set in ImageRgb
+    pub fn decode(&mut self, data: &[u8], rgb: &mut ImageRgb) -> ResultType<bool> {
+        // take dst_stride into account please
+        let dst_stride = rgb.stride();
+        match self.dequeue_input_buffer(Duration::from_millis(10))? {
+            Some(mut input_buffer) => {
+                let mut buf = input_buffer.buffer_mut();
+                if data.len() > buf.len() {
+                    log::error!("Failed to decode, the input data size is bigger than input buf");
+                    bail!("The input data size is bigger than input buf");
+                }
+                buf.write_all(&data)?;
+                self.queue_input_buffer(input_buffer, 0, data.len(), 0, 0)?;
+            }
+            None => {
+                log::debug!("Failed to dequeue_input_buffer: No available input_buffer");
+            }
+        };
+
+        return match self.dequeue_output_buffer(Duration::from_millis(100))? {
+            Some(output_buffer) => {
+                let res_format = self.output_format();
+                let w = res_format
+                    .i32("width")
+                    .ok_or(Error::msg("Failed to dequeue_output_buffer, width is None"))?
+                    as usize;
+                let h = res_format.i32("height").ok_or(Error::msg(
+                    "Failed to dequeue_output_buffer, height is None",
+                ))? as usize;
+                let stride = res_format.i32("stride").ok_or(Error::msg(
+                    "Failed to dequeue_output_buffer, stride is None",
+                ))?;
+                let buf = output_buffer.buffer();
+                let bps = 4;
+                let u = buf.len() * 2 / 3;
+                let v = buf.len() * 5 / 6;
+                rgb.raw.resize(h * w * bps, 0);
+                let y_ptr = buf.as_ptr();
+                let u_ptr = buf[u..].as_ptr();
+                let v_ptr = buf[v..].as_ptr();
+                unsafe {
+                    match rgb.fmt() {
+                        ImageFormat::ARGB => {
+                            I420ToARGB(
+                                y_ptr,
+                                stride,
+                                u_ptr,
+                                stride / 2,
+                                v_ptr,
+                                stride / 2,
+                                rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                                (w * bps) as _,
+                                w as _,
+                                h as _,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        ImageFormat::ARGB => {
+                            I420ToABGR(
+                                y_ptr,
+                                stride,
+                                u_ptr,
+                                stride / 2,
+                                v_ptr,
+                                stride / 2,
+                                rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                                (w * bps) as _,
+                                w as _,
+                                h as _,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            bail!("Unsupported image format");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                self.release_output_buffer(output_buffer, false)?;
+                Ok(true)
+            }
+            None => {
+                log::debug!("Failed to dequeue_output: No available dequeue_output");
+                Ok(false)
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_media_codec(name: &str, direction: MediaCodecDirection) -> Option<MediaCodecDecoder> {
+    let codec = MediaCodec::from_decoder_type(name)?;
+    let media_format = MediaFormat::new();
+    media_format.set_str("mime", name);
+    media_format.set_i32("width", 0);
+    media_format.set_i32("height", 0);
+    media_format.set_i32("color-format", 19); // COLOR_FormatYUV420Planar
+    if let Err(e) = codec.configure(&media_format, None, direction) {
+        log::error!("Failed to init decoder: {:?}", e);
+        return None;
+    };
+    log::error!("decoder init success");
+    if let Err(e) = codec.start() {
+        log::error!("Failed to start decoder: {:?}", e);
+        return None;
+    };
+    log::debug!("Init decoder succeeded!: {:?}", name);
+    return Some(MediaCodecDecoder {
+        decoder: codec,
+        name: name.to_owned(),
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn check_mediacodec() {
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        // check decoders
+        let decoders = MediaCodecDecoder::new_decoders();
+        H264_DECODER_SUPPORT.swap(decoders.h264.is_some(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        H265_DECODER_SUPPORT.swap(decoders.h265.is_some(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+        decoders.h264.map(|d| d.stop());
+        decoders.h265.map(|d| d.stop());
+        // TODO encoders
+    });
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+pub use self::vpxcodec::*;
+use hbb_common::{
+    bail, log,
+    message_proto::{video_frame, Chroma, VideoFrame},
+    ResultType,
+};
+use std::{ffi::c_void, slice};
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(quartz)] {
+        mod quartz;
+        pub use self::quartz::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(x11)] {
+        cfg_if! {
+            if #[cfg(feature="wayland")] {
+                mod linux;
+                mod wayland;
+                mod x11;
+                pub use self::linux::*;
+                pub use self::wayland::set_map_err;
+                pub use self::x11::PixelBuffer;
+            } else {
+                mod x11;
+                pub use self::x11::*;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if #[cfg(dxgi)] {
+        mod dxgi;
+        pub use self::dxgi::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "android")] {
+        mod android;
+        pub use self::android::*;
+    }else {
+        //TODO: Fallback implementation.
+    }
+}
+
+pub mod codec;
+pub mod convert;
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+pub mod hwcodec;
+#[cfg(feature = "mediacodec")]
+pub mod mediacodec;
+pub mod vpxcodec;
+#[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+pub mod vram;
+pub use self::convert::*;
+pub const STRIDE_ALIGN: usize = 64; // commonly used in libvpx vpx_img_alloc caller
+pub const HW_STRIDE_ALIGN: usize = 0; // recommended by av_frame_get_buffer
+
+pub mod aom;
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "ios")))]
+pub mod camera;
+pub mod record;
+mod vpx;
+
+#[repr(usize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum ImageFormat {
+    Raw,
+    ABGR,
+    ARGB,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ImageRgb {
+    pub raw: Vec<u8>,
+    pub w: usize,
+    pub h: usize,
+    pub fmt: ImageFormat,
+    pub align: usize,
+}
+
+impl ImageRgb {
+    pub fn new(fmt: ImageFormat, align: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            raw: Vec::new(),
+            w: 0,
+            h: 0,
+            fmt,
+            align,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn fmt(&self) -> ImageFormat {
+        self.fmt
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn align(&self) -> usize {
+        self.align
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_align(&mut self, align: usize) {
+        self.align = align;
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ImageTexture {
+    pub texture: *mut c_void,
+    pub w: usize,
+    pub h: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for ImageTexture {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            texture: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            w: 0,
+            h: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn would_block_if_equal(old: &mut Vec<u8>, b: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    // does this really help?
+    if b == &old[..] {
+        return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into());
+    }
+    old.resize(b.len(), 0);
+    old.copy_from_slice(b);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub trait TraitCapturer {
+    // We doesn't support
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "ios")))]
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: std::time::Duration) -> std::io::Result<Frame<'a>>;
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn is_gdi(&self) -> bool;
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn set_gdi(&mut self) -> bool;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn device(&self) -> AdapterDevice;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn set_output_texture(&mut self, texture: bool);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct AdapterDevice {
+    pub device: *mut c_void,
+    pub vendor_id: ::std::os::raw::c_uint,
+    pub luid: i64,
+}
+
+impl Default for AdapterDevice {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            vendor_id: Default::default(),
+            luid: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait TraitPixelBuffer {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8];
+
+    fn width(&self) -> usize;
+
+    fn height(&self) -> usize;
+
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<usize>;
+
+    fn pixfmt(&self) -> Pixfmt;
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "ios")))]
+pub enum Frame<'a> {
+    PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer<'a>),
+    Texture((*mut c_void, usize)),
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "ios")))]
+impl Frame<'_> {
+    pub fn valid<'a>(&'a self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Frame::PixelBuffer(pixelbuffer) => !pixelbuffer.data().is_empty(),
+            Frame::Texture((texture, _)) => !texture.is_null(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        yuvfmt: EncodeYuvFormat,
+        yuv: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
+        mid_data: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> ResultType<EncodeInput<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Frame::PixelBuffer(pixelbuffer) => {
+                convert_to_yuv(&pixelbuffer, yuvfmt, yuv, mid_data)?;
+                Ok(EncodeInput::YUV(yuv))
+            }
+            Frame::Texture(texture) => Ok(EncodeInput::Texture(*texture)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum EncodeInput<'a> {
+    YUV(&'a [u8]),
+    Texture((*mut c_void, usize)),
+}
+
+impl<'a> EncodeInput<'a> {
+    pub fn yuv(&self) -> ResultType<&'_ [u8]> {
+        match self {
+            Self::YUV(f) => Ok(f),
+            _ => bail!("not pixelfbuffer frame"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn texture(&self) -> ResultType<(*mut c_void, usize)> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Texture(f) => Ok(*f),
+            _ => bail!("not texture frame"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Pixfmt {
+    BGRA,
+    RGBA,
+    RGB565LE,
+    I420,
+    NV12,
+    I444,
+}
+
+impl Pixfmt {
+    pub fn bpp(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Pixfmt::BGRA | Pixfmt::RGBA => 32,
+            Pixfmt::RGB565LE => 16,
+            Pixfmt::I420 | Pixfmt::NV12 => 12,
+            Pixfmt::I444 => 24,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_per_pixel(&self) -> usize {
+        (self.bpp() + 7) / 8
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EncodeYuvFormat {
+    pub pixfmt: Pixfmt,
+    pub w: usize,
+    pub h: usize,
+    pub stride: Vec<usize>,
+    pub u: usize,
+    pub v: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(x11)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_x11() -> bool {
+    hbb_common::platform::linux::is_x11_or_headless()
+}
+
+#[cfg(x11)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_cursor_embedded() -> bool {
+    if is_x11() {
+        x11::IS_CURSOR_EMBEDDED
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(x11))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_cursor_embedded() -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CodecName {
+    VP8,
+    VP9,
+    AV1,
+    H264RAM(String),
+    H265RAM(String),
+    H264VRAM,
+    H265VRAM,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum CodecFormat {
+    VP8,
+    VP9,
+    AV1,
+    H264,
+    H265,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+impl From<&VideoFrame> for CodecFormat {
+    fn from(it: &VideoFrame) -> Self {
+        match it.union {
+            Some(video_frame::Union::Vp8s(_)) => CodecFormat::VP8,
+            Some(video_frame::Union::Vp9s(_)) => CodecFormat::VP9,
+            Some(video_frame::Union::Av1s(_)) => CodecFormat::AV1,
+            Some(video_frame::Union::H264s(_)) => CodecFormat::H264,
+            Some(video_frame::Union::H265s(_)) => CodecFormat::H265,
+            _ => CodecFormat::Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&video_frame::Union> for CodecFormat {
+    fn from(it: &video_frame::Union) -> Self {
+        match it {
+            video_frame::Union::Vp8s(_) => CodecFormat::VP8,
+            video_frame::Union::Vp9s(_) => CodecFormat::VP9,
+            video_frame::Union::Av1s(_) => CodecFormat::AV1,
+            video_frame::Union::H264s(_) => CodecFormat::H264,
+            video_frame::Union::H265s(_) => CodecFormat::H265,
+            _ => CodecFormat::Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&CodecName> for CodecFormat {
+    fn from(value: &CodecName) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            CodecName::VP8 => Self::VP8,
+            CodecName::VP9 => Self::VP9,
+            CodecName::AV1 => Self::AV1,
+            CodecName::H264RAM(_) | CodecName::H264VRAM => Self::H264,
+            CodecName::H265RAM(_) | CodecName::H265VRAM => Self::H265,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToString for CodecFormat {
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            CodecFormat::VP8 => "VP8".into(),
+            CodecFormat::VP9 => "VP9".into(),
+            CodecFormat::AV1 => "AV1".into(),
+            CodecFormat::H264 => "H264".into(),
+            CodecFormat::H265 => "H265".into(),
+            CodecFormat::Unknown => "Unknown".into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    FailedCall(String),
+    BadPtr(String),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! generate_call_macro {
+    ($func_name:ident, $allow_err:expr) => {
+        macro_rules! $func_name {
+            ($x:expr) => {{
+                let result = unsafe { $x };
+                let result_int = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<_, i32>(result) };
+                if result_int != 0 {
+                    let message = format!(
+                        "errcode={} {}:{}:{}:{}",
+                        result_int,
+                        module_path!(),
+                        file!(),
+                        line!(),
+                        column!()
+                    );
+                    if $allow_err {
+                        log::warn!("Failed to call {}, {}", stringify!($func_name), message);
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(crate::Error::FailedCall(message).into());
+                    }
+                }
+                result
+            }};
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! generate_call_ptr_macro {
+    ($func_name:ident) => {
+        macro_rules! $func_name {
+            ($x:expr) => {{
+                let result = unsafe { $x };
+                let result_int = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<_, isize>(result) };
+                if result_int == 0 {
+                    return Err(crate::Error::BadPtr(format!(
+                        "errcode={} {}:{}:{}:{}",
+                        result_int,
+                        module_path!(),
+                        file!(),
+                        line!(),
+                        column!()
+                    ))
+                    .into());
+                }
+                result
+            }};
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub trait GoogleImage {
+    fn width(&self) -> usize;
+    fn height(&self) -> usize;
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<i32>;
+    fn planes(&self) -> Vec<*mut u8>;
+    fn chroma(&self) -> Chroma;
+    fn get_bytes_per_row(w: usize, fmt: ImageFormat, align: usize) -> usize {
+        let bytes_per_pixel = match fmt {
+            ImageFormat::Raw => 3,
+            ImageFormat::ARGB | ImageFormat::ABGR => 4,
+        };
+        // https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv/blob/6900494d90ae095d44405cd4cc3f346971fa69c9/source/convert_argb.cc#L128
+        // https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv/blob/6900494d90ae095d44405cd4cc3f346971fa69c9/source/convert_argb.cc#L129
+        (w * bytes_per_pixel + align - 1) & !(align - 1)
+    }
+    // rgb [in/out] fmt and stride must be set in ImageRgb
+    fn to(&self, rgb: &mut ImageRgb) {
+        rgb.w = self.width();
+        rgb.h = self.height();
+        let bytes_per_row = Self::get_bytes_per_row(rgb.w, rgb.fmt, rgb.align());
+        rgb.raw.resize(rgb.h * bytes_per_row, 0);
+        let stride = self.stride();
+        let planes = self.planes();
+        unsafe {
+            match (self.chroma(), rgb.fmt()) {
+                (Chroma::I420, ImageFormat::Raw) => {
+                    super::I420ToRAW(
+                        planes[0],
+                        stride[0],
+                        planes[1],
+                        stride[1],
+                        planes[2],
+                        stride[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        self.width() as _,
+                        self.height() as _,
+                    );
+                }
+                (Chroma::I420, ImageFormat::ARGB) => {
+                    super::I420ToARGB(
+                        planes[0],
+                        stride[0],
+                        planes[1],
+                        stride[1],
+                        planes[2],
+                        stride[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        self.width() as _,
+                        self.height() as _,
+                    );
+                }
+                (Chroma::I420, ImageFormat::ABGR) => {
+                    super::I420ToABGR(
+                        planes[0],
+                        stride[0],
+                        planes[1],
+                        stride[1],
+                        planes[2],
+                        stride[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        self.width() as _,
+                        self.height() as _,
+                    );
+                }
+                (Chroma::I444, ImageFormat::ARGB) => {
+                    super::I444ToARGB(
+                        planes[0],
+                        stride[0],
+                        planes[1],
+                        stride[1],
+                        planes[2],
+                        stride[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        self.width() as _,
+                        self.height() as _,
+                    );
+                }
+                (Chroma::I444, ImageFormat::ABGR) => {
+                    super::I444ToABGR(
+                        planes[0],
+                        stride[0],
+                        planes[1],
+                        stride[1],
+                        planes[2],
+                        stride[2],
+                        rgb.raw.as_mut_ptr(),
+                        bytes_per_row as _,
+                        self.width() as _,
+                        self.height() as _,
+                    );
+                }
+                // (Chroma::I444, ImageFormat::Raw), new version libyuv have I444ToRAW
+                _ => log::error!("unsupported pixfmt: {:?}", self.chroma()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn data(&self) -> (&[u8], &[u8], &[u8]) {
+        unsafe {
+            let stride = self.stride();
+            let planes = self.planes();
+            let h = (self.height() as usize + 1) & !1;
+            let n = stride[0] as usize * h;
+            let y = slice::from_raw_parts(planes[0], n);
+            let n = stride[1] as usize * (h >> 1);
+            let u = slice::from_raw_parts(planes[1], n);
+            let v = slice::from_raw_parts(planes[2], n);
+            (y, u, v)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn screen_size() -> (u16, u16, u16) {
+    SCREEN_SIZE.lock().unwrap().clone()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn is_start() -> Option<bool> {
+    android::is_start()
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/quartz.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+use crate::{quartz, Frame, Pixfmt};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, TryLockError};
+use std::{io, mem};
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    inner: quartz::Capturer,
+    frame: Arc<Mutex<Option<quartz::Frame>>>,
+    saved_raw_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        let frame = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+
+        let f = frame.clone();
+        let inner = quartz::Capturer::new(
+            display.0,
+            display.width(),
+            display.height(),
+            quartz::PixelFormat::Argb8888,
+            Default::default(),
+            move |inner| {
+                if let Ok(mut f) = f.lock() {
+                    *f = Some(inner);
+                }
+            },
+        )
+        .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::Other))?;
+
+        Ok(Capturer {
+            inner,
+            frame,
+            saved_raw_data: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.width()
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.height()
+    }
+}
+
+impl crate::TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout_ms: std::time::Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        match self.frame.try_lock() {
+            Ok(mut handle) => {
+                let mut frame = None;
+                mem::swap(&mut frame, &mut handle);
+
+                match frame {
+                    Some(mut frame) => {
+                        crate::would_block_if_equal(&mut self.saved_raw_data, frame.inner())?;
+                        frame.surface_to_bgra(self.height());
+                        Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer {
+                            frame,
+                            data: PhantomData,
+                            width: self.width(),
+                            height: self.height(),
+                        }))
+                    }
+
+                    None => Err(io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into()),
+                }
+            }
+
+            Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => Err(io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into()),
+
+            Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(..)) => Err(io::ErrorKind::Other.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    frame: quartz::Frame,
+    data: PhantomData<&'a [u8]>,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'a> crate::TraitPixelBuffer for PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &*self.frame
+    }
+
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
+        let mut v = Vec::new();
+        v.push(self.frame.stride());
+        v
+    }
+
+    fn pixfmt(&self) -> Pixfmt {
+        Pixfmt::BGRA
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display(quartz::Display);
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        Ok(Display(quartz::Display::primary()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        Ok(quartz::Display::online()
+            .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::Other))?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(Display)
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.width()
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.height()
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.0.scale()
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.id().to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_online()
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let o = self.0.bounds().origin;
+        (o.x as _, o.y as _)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_primary()
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/record.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+use crate::CodecFormat;
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+use hbb_common::anyhow::anyhow;
+use hbb_common::{
+    bail, chrono, log,
+    message_proto::{message, video_frame, EncodedVideoFrame, Message},
+    ResultType,
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+use hwcodec::mux::{MuxContext, Muxer};
+use std::{
+    fs::{File, OpenOptions},
+    io,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    path::PathBuf,
+    sync::mpsc::Sender,
+    time::Instant,
+};
+use webm::mux::{self, Segment, Track, VideoTrack, Writer};
+
+const MIN_SECS: u64 = 1;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RecorderContext {
+    pub server: bool,
+    pub id: String,
+    pub dir: String,
+    pub display_idx: usize,
+    pub camera: bool,
+    pub tx: Option<Sender<RecordState>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RecorderContext2 {
+    pub filename: String,
+    pub width: usize,
+    pub height: usize,
+    pub format: CodecFormat,
+}
+
+impl RecorderContext2 {
+    pub fn set_filename(&mut self, ctx: &RecorderContext) -> ResultType<()> {
+        if !PathBuf::from(&ctx.dir).exists() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(&ctx.dir)?;
+        }
+        let file = if ctx.server { "incoming" } else { "outgoing" }.to_string()
+            + "_"
+            + &ctx.id.clone()
+            + &chrono::Local::now().format("_%Y%m%d%H%M%S%3f_").to_string()
+            + &format!(
+                "{}{}_",
+                if ctx.camera { "camera" } else { "display" },
+                ctx.display_idx
+            )
+            + &self.format.to_string().to_lowercase()
+            + if self.format == CodecFormat::VP9
+                || self.format == CodecFormat::VP8
+                || self.format == CodecFormat::AV1
+            {
+                ".webm"
+            } else {
+                ".mp4"
+            };
+        self.filename = PathBuf::from(&ctx.dir)
+            .join(file)
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for Recorder {}
+unsafe impl Sync for Recorder {}
+
+pub trait RecorderApi {
+    fn new(ctx: RecorderContext, ctx2: RecorderContext2) -> ResultType<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+    fn write_video(&mut self, frame: &EncodedVideoFrame) -> bool;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum RecordState {
+    NewFile(String),
+    NewFrame,
+    WriteTail,
+    RemoveFile,
+}
+
+pub struct Recorder {
+    pub inner: Option<Box<dyn RecorderApi>>,
+    ctx: RecorderContext,
+    ctx2: Option<RecorderContext2>,
+    pts: Option<i64>,
+    check_failed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Deref for Recorder {
+    type Target = Option<Box<dyn RecorderApi>>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Recorder {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl Recorder {
+    pub fn new(ctx: RecorderContext) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: None,
+            ctx,
+            ctx2: None,
+            pts: None,
+            check_failed: false,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn check(&mut self, w: usize, h: usize, format: CodecFormat) -> ResultType<()> {
+        match self.ctx2 {
+            Some(ref ctx2) => {
+                if ctx2.width != w || ctx2.height != h || ctx2.format != format {
+                    let mut ctx2 = RecorderContext2 {
+                        width: w,
+                        height: h,
+                        format,
+                        filename: Default::default(),
+                    };
+                    ctx2.set_filename(&self.ctx)?;
+                    self.ctx2 = Some(ctx2);
+                    self.inner = None;
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                let mut ctx2 = RecorderContext2 {
+                    width: w,
+                    height: h,
+                    format,
+                    filename: Default::default(),
+                };
+                ctx2.set_filename(&self.ctx)?;
+                self.ctx2 = Some(ctx2);
+                self.inner = None;
+            }
+        }
+        let Some(ctx2) = &self.ctx2 else {
+            bail!("ctx2 is None");
+        };
+        if self.inner.is_none() {
+            self.inner = match format {
+                CodecFormat::VP8 | CodecFormat::VP9 | CodecFormat::AV1 => Some(Box::new(
+                    WebmRecorder::new(self.ctx.clone(), (*ctx2).clone())?,
+                )),
+                #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+                _ => Some(Box::new(HwRecorder::new(
+                    self.ctx.clone(),
+                    (*ctx2).clone(),
+                )?)),
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "hwcodec"))]
+                _ => bail!("unsupported codec type"),
+            };
+            // pts is None when new inner is created
+            self.pts = None;
+            self.send_state(RecordState::NewFile(ctx2.filename.clone()));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_message(&mut self, msg: &Message, w: usize, h: usize) {
+        if let Some(message::Union::VideoFrame(vf)) = &msg.union {
+            if let Some(frame) = &vf.union {
+                self.write_frame(frame, w, h).ok();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_frame(
+        &mut self,
+        frame: &video_frame::Union,
+        w: usize,
+        h: usize,
+    ) -> ResultType<()> {
+        if self.check_failed {
+            bail!("check failed");
+        }
+        let format = CodecFormat::from(frame);
+        if format == CodecFormat::Unknown {
+            bail!("unsupported frame type");
+        }
+        let res = self.check(w, h, format);
+        if res.is_err() {
+            self.check_failed = true;
+            log::error!("check failed: {:?}", res);
+            res?;
+        }
+        match frame {
+            video_frame::Union::Vp8s(vp8s) => {
+                for f in vp8s.frames.iter() {
+                    self.check_pts(f.pts, f.key, w, h, format)?;
+                    self.as_mut().map(|x| x.write_video(f));
+                }
+            }
+            video_frame::Union::Vp9s(vp9s) => {
+                for f in vp9s.frames.iter() {
+                    self.check_pts(f.pts, f.key, w, h, format)?;
+                    self.as_mut().map(|x| x.write_video(f));
+                }
+            }
+            video_frame::Union::Av1s(av1s) => {
+                for f in av1s.frames.iter() {
+                    self.check_pts(f.pts, f.key, w, h, format)?;
+                    self.as_mut().map(|x| x.write_video(f));
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+            video_frame::Union::H264s(h264s) => {
+                for f in h264s.frames.iter() {
+                    self.check_pts(f.pts, f.key, w, h, format)?;
+                    self.as_mut().map(|x| x.write_video(f));
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+            video_frame::Union::H265s(h265s) => {
+                for f in h265s.frames.iter() {
+                    self.check_pts(f.pts, f.key, w, h, format)?;
+                    self.as_mut().map(|x| x.write_video(f));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => bail!("unsupported frame type"),
+        }
+        self.send_state(RecordState::NewFrame);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn check_pts(
+        &mut self,
+        pts: i64,
+        key: bool,
+        w: usize,
+        h: usize,
+        format: CodecFormat,
+    ) -> ResultType<()> {
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76379101/how-to-create-one-playable-webm-file-from-two-different-video-tracks-with-same-c
+        if self.pts.is_none() && !key {
+            bail!("first frame is not key frame");
+        }
+        let old_pts = self.pts;
+        self.pts = Some(pts);
+        if old_pts.clone().unwrap_or_default() > pts {
+            log::info!("pts {:?} -> {}, change record filename", old_pts, pts);
+            self.inner = None;
+            self.ctx2 = None;
+            let res = self.check(w, h, format);
+            if res.is_err() {
+                self.check_failed = true;
+                log::error!("check failed: {:?}", res);
+                res?;
+            }
+            self.pts = Some(pts);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn send_state(&self, state: RecordState) {
+        self.ctx.tx.as_ref().map(|tx| tx.send(state));
+    }
+}
+
+struct WebmRecorder {
+    vt: VideoTrack,
+    webm: Option<Segment<Writer<File>>>,
+    ctx: RecorderContext,
+    ctx2: RecorderContext2,
+    key: bool,
+    written: bool,
+    start: Instant,
+}
+
+impl RecorderApi for WebmRecorder {
+    fn new(ctx: RecorderContext, ctx2: RecorderContext2) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        let out = match {
+            OpenOptions::new()
+                .write(true)
+                .create_new(true)
+                .open(&ctx2.filename)
+        } {
+            Ok(file) => file,
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => File::create(&ctx2.filename)?,
+            Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+        };
+        let mut webm = match mux::Segment::new(mux::Writer::new(out)) {
+            Some(v) => v,
+            None => bail!("Failed to create webm mux"),
+        };
+        let vt = webm.add_video_track(
+            ctx2.width as _,
+            ctx2.height as _,
+            None,
+            if ctx2.format == CodecFormat::VP9 {
+                mux::VideoCodecId::VP9
+            } else if ctx2.format == CodecFormat::VP8 {
+                mux::VideoCodecId::VP8
+            } else {
+                mux::VideoCodecId::AV1
+            },
+        );
+        if ctx2.format == CodecFormat::AV1 {
+            // [129, 8, 12, 0] in 3.6.0, but zero works
+            let codec_private = vec![0, 0, 0, 0];
+            if !webm.set_codec_private(vt.track_number(), &codec_private) {
+                bail!("Failed to set codec private");
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(WebmRecorder {
+            vt,
+            webm: Some(webm),
+            ctx,
+            ctx2,
+            key: false,
+            written: false,
+            start: Instant::now(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn write_video(&mut self, frame: &EncodedVideoFrame) -> bool {
+        if frame.key {
+            self.key = true;
+        }
+        if self.key {
+            let ok = self
+                .vt
+                .add_frame(&frame.data, frame.pts as u64 * 1_000_000, frame.key);
+            if ok {
+                self.written = true;
+            }
+            ok
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for WebmRecorder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = std::mem::replace(&mut self.webm, None).map_or(false, |webm| webm.finalize(None));
+        let mut state = RecordState::WriteTail;
+        if !self.written || self.start.elapsed().as_secs() < MIN_SECS {
+            std::fs::remove_file(&self.ctx2.filename).ok();
+            state = RecordState::RemoveFile;
+        }
+        self.ctx.tx.as_ref().map(|tx| tx.send(state));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+struct HwRecorder {
+    muxer: Option<Muxer>,
+    ctx: RecorderContext,
+    ctx2: RecorderContext2,
+    written: bool,
+    key: bool,
+    start: Instant,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+impl RecorderApi for HwRecorder {
+    fn new(ctx: RecorderContext, ctx2: RecorderContext2) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        let muxer = Muxer::new(MuxContext {
+            filename: ctx2.filename.clone(),
+            width: ctx2.width,
+            height: ctx2.height,
+            is265: ctx2.format == CodecFormat::H265,
+            framerate: crate::hwcodec::DEFAULT_FPS as _,
+        })
+        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("Failed to create hardware muxer"))?;
+        Ok(HwRecorder {
+            muxer: Some(muxer),
+            ctx,
+            ctx2,
+            written: false,
+            key: false,
+            start: Instant::now(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn write_video(&mut self, frame: &EncodedVideoFrame) -> bool {
+        if frame.key {
+            self.key = true;
+        }
+        if self.key {
+            let ok = self
+                .muxer
+                .as_mut()
+                .map(|m| m.write_video(&frame.data, frame.key).is_ok())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            if ok {
+                self.written = true;
+            }
+            ok
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
+impl Drop for HwRecorder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.muxer.as_mut().map(|m| m.write_tail().ok());
+        let mut state = RecordState::WriteTail;
+        if !self.written || self.start.elapsed().as_secs() < MIN_SECS {
+            // The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process
+            self.muxer = None;
+            std::fs::remove_file(&self.ctx2.filename).ok();
+            state = RecordState::RemoveFile;
+        }
+        self.ctx.tx.as_ref().map(|tx| tx.send(state));
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/vpx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(improper_ctypes)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+#![allow(unused_imports)]
+
+impl Default for vpx_codec_enc_cfg {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for vpx_codec_ctx {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for vpx_image_t {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    }
+}
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/vpx_ffi.rs"));

libs/scrap/src/common/vpxcodec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+// https://github.com/astraw/vpx-encode
+// https://github.com/astraw/env-libvpx-sys
+// https://github.com/rust-av/vpx-rs/blob/master/src/decoder.rs
+// https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/e7b24573bc2e06fed4749dd6b6abfce67f29052f/media/video/vpx_video_encoder.cc#L522
+
+use hbb_common::anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
+use hbb_common::log;
+use hbb_common::message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};
+use hbb_common::ResultType;
+
+use crate::codec::{base_bitrate, codec_thread_num, EncoderApi};
+use crate::{EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, GoogleImage, Pixfmt, STRIDE_ALIGN};
+
+use super::vpx::{vp8e_enc_control_id::*, vpx_codec_err_t::*, *};
+use crate::{generate_call_macro, generate_call_ptr_macro, Error, Result};
+use hbb_common::bytes::Bytes;
+use std::os::raw::{c_int, c_uint};
+use std::{ptr, slice};
+
+generate_call_macro!(call_vpx, false);
+generate_call_ptr_macro!(call_vpx_ptr);
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum VpxVideoCodecId {
+    VP8,
+    VP9,
+}
+
+impl Default for VpxVideoCodecId {
+    fn default() -> VpxVideoCodecId {
+        VpxVideoCodecId::VP9
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VpxEncoder {
+    ctx: vpx_codec_ctx_t,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    id: VpxVideoCodecId,
+    i444: bool,
+    yuvfmt: EncodeYuvFormat,
+}
+
+pub struct VpxDecoder {
+    ctx: vpx_codec_ctx_t,
+}
+
+impl EncoderApi for VpxEncoder {
+    fn new(cfg: crate::codec::EncoderCfg, i444: bool) -> ResultType<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        match cfg {
+            crate::codec::EncoderCfg::VPX(config) => {
+                let i = match config.codec {
+                    VpxVideoCodecId::VP8 => call_vpx_ptr!(vpx_codec_vp8_cx()),
+                    VpxVideoCodecId::VP9 => call_vpx_ptr!(vpx_codec_vp9_cx()),
+                };
+                let mut c = unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() };
+                call_vpx!(vpx_codec_enc_config_default(i, &mut c, 0));
+
+                // https://www.webmproject.org/docs/encoder-parameters/
+                // default: c.rc_min_quantizer = 0, c.rc_max_quantizer = 63
+                // try rc_resize_allowed later
+
+                c.g_w = config.width;
+                c.g_h = config.height;
+                c.g_timebase.num = 1;
+                c.g_timebase.den = 1000; // Output timestamp precision
+                c.rc_undershoot_pct = 95;
+                // When the data buffer falls below this percentage of fullness, a dropped frame is indicated. Set the threshold to zero (0) to disable this feature.
+                // In dynamic scenes, low bitrate gets low fps while high bitrate gets high fps.
+                c.rc_dropframe_thresh = 25;
+                c.g_threads = codec_thread_num(64) as _;
+                c.g_error_resilient = VPX_ERROR_RESILIENT_DEFAULT;
+                // https://developers.google.com/media/vp9/bitrate-modes/
+                // Constant Bitrate mode (CBR) is recommended for live streaming with VP9.
+                c.rc_end_usage = vpx_rc_mode::VPX_CBR;
+                if let Some(keyframe_interval) = config.keyframe_interval {
+                    c.kf_min_dist = 0;
+                    c.kf_max_dist = keyframe_interval as _;
+                } else {
+                    c.kf_mode = vpx_kf_mode::VPX_KF_DISABLED; // reduce bandwidth a lot
+                }
+
+                let (q_min, q_max) = Self::calc_q_values(config.quality);
+                c.rc_min_quantizer = q_min;
+                c.rc_max_quantizer = q_max;
+                c.rc_target_bitrate =
+                    Self::bitrate(config.width as _, config.height as _, config.quality);
+                // https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libvpx/+/refs/heads/main/vp9/common/vp9_enums.h#29
+                // https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libvpx/+/refs/heads/main/vp8/vp8_cx_iface.c#282
+                c.g_profile = if i444 && config.codec == VpxVideoCodecId::VP9 {
+                    1
+                } else {
+                    0
+                };
+
+                /*
+                The VPX encoder supports two-pass encoding for rate control purposes.
+                In two-pass encoding, the entire encoding process is performed twice.
+                The first pass generates new control parameters for the second pass.
+
+                This approach enables the best PSNR at the same bit rate.
+                */
+
+                let mut ctx = Default::default();
+                call_vpx!(vpx_codec_enc_init_ver(
+                    &mut ctx,
+                    i,
+                    &c,
+                    0,
+                    VPX_ENCODER_ABI_VERSION as _
+                ));
+
+                if config.codec == VpxVideoCodecId::VP9 {
+                    // set encoder internal speed settings
+                    // in ffmpeg, it is --speed option
+                    /*
+                    set to 0 or a positive value 1-16, the codec will try to adapt its
+                    complexity depending on the time it spends encoding. Increasing this
+                    number will make the speed go up and the quality go down.
+                    Negative values mean strict enforcement of this
+                    while positive values are adaptive
+                    */
+                    /* https://developers.google.com/media/vp9/live-encoding
+                    Speed 5 to 8 should be used for live / real-time encoding.
+                    Lower numbers (5 or 6) are higher quality but require more CPU power.
+                    Higher numbers (7 or 8) will be lower quality but more manageable for lower latency
+                    use cases and also for lower CPU power devices such as mobile.
+                    */
+                    call_vpx!(vpx_codec_control_(&mut ctx, VP8E_SET_CPUUSED as _, 7,));
+                    // set row level multi-threading
+                    /*
+                    as some people in comments and below have already commented,
+                    more recent versions of libvpx support -row-mt 1 to enable tile row
+                    multi-threading. This can increase the number of tiles by up to 4x in VP9
+                    (since the max number of tile rows is 4, regardless of video height).
+                    To enable this, use -tile-rows N where N is the number of tile rows in
+                    log2 units (so -tile-rows 1 means 2 tile rows and -tile-rows 2 means 4 tile
+                    rows). The total number of active threads will then be equal to
+                    $tile_rows * $tile_columns
+                    */
+                    call_vpx!(vpx_codec_control_(
+                        &mut ctx,
+                        VP9E_SET_ROW_MT as _,
+                        1 as c_int
+                    ));
+
+                    call_vpx!(vpx_codec_control_(
+                        &mut ctx,
+                        VP9E_SET_TILE_COLUMNS as _,
+                        4 as c_int
+                    ));
+                } else if config.codec == VpxVideoCodecId::VP8 {
+                    // https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx/blob/972149cafeb71d6f08df89e91a0130d6a38c4b15/vpx/vp8cx.h#L172
+                    // https://groups.google.com/a/webmproject.org/g/webm-discuss/c/DJhSrmfQ61M
+                    call_vpx!(vpx_codec_control_(&mut ctx, VP8E_SET_CPUUSED as _, 12,));
+                }
+
+                Ok(Self {
+                    ctx,
+                    width: config.width as _,
+                    height: config.height as _,
+                    id: config.codec,
+                    i444,
+                    yuvfmt: Self::get_yuvfmt(config.width, config.height, i444),
+                })
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("encoder type mismatch")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_message(&mut self, input: EncodeInput, ms: i64) -> ResultType<VideoFrame> {
+        let mut frames = Vec::new();
+        for ref frame in self
+            .encode(ms, input.yuv()?, STRIDE_ALIGN)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to encode")?
+        {
+            frames.push(VpxEncoder::create_frame(frame));
+        }
+        for ref frame in self.flush().with_context(|| "Failed to flush")? {
+            frames.push(VpxEncoder::create_frame(frame));
+        }
+
+        // to-do: flush periodically, e.g. 1 second
+        if frames.len() > 0 {
+            Ok(VpxEncoder::create_video_frame(self.id, frames))
+        } else {
+            Err(anyhow!("no valid frame"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn yuvfmt(&self) -> crate::EncodeYuvFormat {
+        self.yuvfmt.clone()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn input_texture(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_quality(&mut self, ratio: f32) -> ResultType<()> {
+        let mut c = unsafe { *self.ctx.config.enc.to_owned() };
+        let (q_min, q_max) = Self::calc_q_values(ratio);
+        c.rc_min_quantizer = q_min;
+        c.rc_max_quantizer = q_max;
+        c.rc_target_bitrate = Self::bitrate(self.width as _, self.height as _, ratio);
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_enc_config_set(&mut self.ctx, &c));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
+        let c = unsafe { *self.ctx.config.enc.to_owned() };
+        c.rc_target_bitrate
+    }
+
+    fn support_changing_quality(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn latency_free(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn is_hardware(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn disable(&self) {}
+}
+
+impl VpxEncoder {
+    pub fn encode<'a>(&'a mut self, pts: i64, data: &[u8], stride_align: usize) -> Result<EncodeFrames<'a>> {
+        let bpp = if self.i444 { 24 } else { 12 };
+        if data.len() < self.width * self.height * bpp / 8 {
+            return Err(Error::FailedCall("len not enough".to_string()));
+        }
+        let fmt = if self.i444 {
+            vpx_img_fmt::VPX_IMG_FMT_I444
+        } else {
+            vpx_img_fmt::VPX_IMG_FMT_I420
+        };
+
+        let mut image = Default::default();
+        call_vpx_ptr!(vpx_img_wrap(
+            &mut image,
+            fmt,
+            self.width as _,
+            self.height as _,
+            stride_align as _,
+            data.as_ptr() as _,
+        ));
+
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_encode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            &image,
+            pts as _,
+            1, // Duration
+            0, // Flags
+            VPX_DL_REALTIME as _,
+        ));
+
+        Ok(EncodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Notify the encoder to return any pending packets
+    pub fn flush<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<EncodeFrames<'a>> {
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_encode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            ptr::null(),
+            -1, // PTS
+            1,  // Duration
+            0,  // Flags
+            VPX_DL_REALTIME as _,
+        ));
+
+        Ok(EncodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn create_video_frame(
+        codec_id: VpxVideoCodecId,
+        frames: Vec<EncodedVideoFrame>,
+    ) -> VideoFrame {
+        let mut vf = VideoFrame::new();
+        let vpxs = EncodedVideoFrames {
+            frames: frames.into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        match codec_id {
+            VpxVideoCodecId::VP8 => vf.set_vp8s(vpxs),
+            VpxVideoCodecId::VP9 => vf.set_vp9s(vpxs),
+        }
+        vf
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn create_frame(frame: &EncodeFrame) -> EncodedVideoFrame {
+        EncodedVideoFrame {
+            data: Bytes::from(frame.data.to_vec()),
+            key: frame.key,
+            pts: frame.pts,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(width: u32, height: u32, ratio: f32) -> u32 {
+        let bitrate = base_bitrate(width, height) as f32;
+        (bitrate * ratio) as u32
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn calc_q_values(ratio: f32) -> (u32, u32) {
+        let b = (ratio * 100.0) as u32;
+        let b = std::cmp::min(b, 200);
+        let q_min1 = 36;
+        let q_min2 = 0;
+        let q_max1 = 56;
+        let q_max2 = 37;
+
+        let t = b as f32 / 200.0;
+
+        let mut q_min: u32 = ((1.0 - t) * q_min1 as f32 + t * q_min2 as f32).round() as u32;
+        let mut q_max = ((1.0 - t) * q_max1 as f32 + t * q_max2 as f32).round() as u32;
+
+        q_min = q_min.clamp(q_min2, q_min1);
+        q_max = q_max.clamp(q_max2, q_max1);
+
+        (q_min, q_max)
+    }
+
+    fn get_yuvfmt(width: u32, height: u32, i444: bool) -> EncodeYuvFormat {
+        let mut img = Default::default();
+        let fmt = if i444 {
+            vpx_img_fmt::VPX_IMG_FMT_I444
+        } else {
+            vpx_img_fmt::VPX_IMG_FMT_I420
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            vpx_img_wrap(
+                &mut img,
+                fmt,
+                width as _,
+                height as _,
+                crate::STRIDE_ALIGN as _,
+                0x1 as _,
+            );
+        }
+        let pixfmt = if i444 { Pixfmt::I444 } else { Pixfmt::I420 };
+        EncodeYuvFormat {
+            pixfmt,
+            w: img.w as _,
+            h: img.h as _,
+            stride: img.stride.map(|s| s as usize).to_vec(),
+            u: img.planes[1] as usize - img.planes[0] as usize,
+            v: img.planes[2] as usize - img.planes[0] as usize,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for VpxEncoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let result = vpx_codec_destroy(&mut self.ctx);
+            if result != VPX_CODEC_OK {
+                panic!("failed to destroy vpx codec");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct EncodeFrame<'a> {
+    /// Compressed data.
+    pub data: &'a [u8],
+    /// Whether the frame is a keyframe.
+    pub key: bool,
+    /// Presentation timestamp (in timebase units).
+    pub pts: i64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct VpxEncoderConfig {
+    /// The width (in pixels).
+    pub width: c_uint,
+    /// The height (in pixels).
+    pub height: c_uint,
+    /// The bitrate ratio
+    pub quality: f32,
+    /// The codec
+    pub codec: VpxVideoCodecId,
+    /// keyframe interval
+    pub keyframe_interval: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct VpxDecoderConfig {
+    pub codec: VpxVideoCodecId,
+}
+
+pub struct EncodeFrames<'a> {
+    ctx: &'a mut vpx_codec_ctx_t,
+    iter: vpx_codec_iter_t,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for EncodeFrames<'a> {
+    type Item = EncodeFrame<'a>;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        loop {
+            unsafe {
+                let pkt = vpx_codec_get_cx_data(self.ctx, &mut self.iter);
+                if pkt.is_null() {
+                    return None;
+                } else if (*pkt).kind == vpx_codec_cx_pkt_kind::VPX_CODEC_CX_FRAME_PKT {
+                    let f = &(*pkt).data.frame;
+                    return Some(Self::Item {
+                        data: slice::from_raw_parts(f.buf as _, f.sz as _),
+                        key: (f.flags & VPX_FRAME_IS_KEY) != 0,
+                        pts: f.pts,
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    // Ignore the packet.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VpxDecoder {
+    /// Create a new decoder
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// The function may fail if the underlying libvpx does not provide
+    /// the VP9 decoder.
+    pub fn new(config: VpxDecoderConfig) -> Result<Self> {
+        // This is sound because `vpx_codec_ctx` is a repr(C) struct without any field that can
+        // cause UB if uninitialized.
+        let i = match config.codec {
+            VpxVideoCodecId::VP8 => call_vpx_ptr!(vpx_codec_vp8_dx()),
+            VpxVideoCodecId::VP9 => call_vpx_ptr!(vpx_codec_vp9_dx()),
+        };
+        let mut ctx = Default::default();
+        let cfg = vpx_codec_dec_cfg_t {
+            threads: codec_thread_num(64) as _,
+            w: 0,
+            h: 0,
+        };
+        /*
+        unsafe {
+            println!("{}", vpx_codec_get_caps(i));
+        }
+        */
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_dec_init_ver(
+            &mut ctx,
+            i,
+            &cfg,
+            0,
+            VPX_DECODER_ABI_VERSION as _,
+        ));
+        Ok(Self { ctx })
+    }
+
+    /// Feed some compressed data to the encoder
+    ///
+    /// The `data` slice is sent to the decoder
+    ///
+    /// It matches a call to `vpx_codec_decode`.
+    pub fn decode<'a>(&'a mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<DecodeFrames<'a>> {
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_decode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            data.as_ptr(),
+            data.len() as _,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            0,
+        ));
+
+        Ok(DecodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Notify the decoder to return any pending frame
+    pub fn flush<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<DecodeFrames<'a>> {
+        call_vpx!(vpx_codec_decode(
+            &mut self.ctx,
+            ptr::null(),
+            0,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            0
+        ));
+        Ok(DecodeFrames {
+            ctx: &mut self.ctx,
+            iter: ptr::null(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for VpxDecoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let result = vpx_codec_destroy(&mut self.ctx);
+            if result != VPX_CODEC_OK {
+                panic!("failed to destroy vpx codec");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DecodeFrames<'a> {
+    ctx: &'a mut vpx_codec_ctx_t,
+    iter: vpx_codec_iter_t,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for DecodeFrames<'a> {
+    type Item = Image;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        let img = unsafe { vpx_codec_get_frame(self.ctx, &mut self.iter) };
+        if img.is_null() {
+            return None;
+        } else {
+            return Some(Image(img));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libvpx/+/bali/vpx/src/vpx_image.c
+pub struct Image(*mut vpx_image_t);
+impl Image {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(std::ptr::null_mut())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_null()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn format(&self) -> vpx_img_fmt_t {
+        // VPX_IMG_FMT_I420
+        self.inner().fmt
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &vpx_image_t {
+        unsafe { &*self.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GoogleImage for Image {
+    #[inline]
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner().d_w as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner().d_h as _
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<i32> {
+        self.inner().stride.iter().map(|x| *x as i32).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn planes(&self) -> Vec<*mut u8> {
+        self.inner().planes.iter().map(|p| *p as *mut u8).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn chroma(&self) -> Chroma {
+        match self.inner().fmt {
+            vpx_img_fmt::VPX_IMG_FMT_I444 => Chroma::I444,
+            _ => Chroma::I420,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Image {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !self.0.is_null() {
+            unsafe { vpx_img_free(self.0) };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for vpx_codec_ctx_t {}

libs/scrap/src/common/vram.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    ffi::c_void,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    codec::{enable_vram_option, EncoderApi, EncoderCfg},
+    hwcodec::HwCodecConfig,
+    AdapterDevice, CodecFormat, EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, Pixfmt,
+};
+use hbb_common::{
+    anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context},
+    bytes::Bytes,
+    log,
+    message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
+    ResultType,
+};
+use hwcodec::{
+    common::{DataFormat, Driver, MAX_GOP},
+    vram::{
+        decode::{self, DecodeFrame, Decoder},
+        encode::{self, EncodeFrame, Encoder},
+        Available, DecodeContext, DynamicContext, EncodeContext, FeatureContext,
+    },
+};
+
+// https://www.reddit.com/r/buildapc/comments/d2m4ny/two_graphics_cards_two_monitors/
+// https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/comments/t2v9u6/dual_monitor_setup_with_dual_gpu/
+// https://cybersided.com/two-monitors-two-gpus/
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/d3d12/nf-d3d12-id3d12device-getadapterluid#remarks
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref ENOCDE_NOT_USE: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<String, bool>>> = Default::default();
+    static ref FALLBACK_GDI_DISPLAYS: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<String>>> = Default::default();
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct VRamEncoderConfig {
+    pub device: AdapterDevice,
+    pub width: usize,
+    pub height: usize,
+    pub quality: f32,
+    pub feature: FeatureContext,
+    pub keyframe_interval: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+pub struct VRamEncoder {
+    encoder: Encoder,
+    pub format: DataFormat,
+    ctx: EncodeContext,
+    bitrate: u32,
+    last_frame_len: usize,
+    same_bad_len_counter: usize,
+}
+
+impl EncoderApi for VRamEncoder {
+    fn new(cfg: EncoderCfg, _i444: bool) -> ResultType<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        match cfg {
+            EncoderCfg::VRAM(config) => {
+                let bitrate = Self::bitrate(
+                    config.feature.data_format,
+                    config.width,
+                    config.height,
+                    config.quality,
+                );
+                let gop = config.keyframe_interval.unwrap_or(MAX_GOP as _) as i32;
+                let ctx = EncodeContext {
+                    f: config.feature.clone(),
+                    d: DynamicContext {
+                        device: Some(config.device.device),
+                        width: config.width as _,
+                        height: config.height as _,
+                        kbitrate: bitrate as _,
+                        framerate: 30,
+                        gop,
+                    },
+                };
+                match Encoder::new(ctx.clone()) {
+                    Ok(encoder) => Ok(VRamEncoder {
+                        encoder,
+                        ctx,
+                        format: config.feature.data_format,
+                        bitrate,
+                        last_frame_len: 0,
+                        same_bad_len_counter: 0,
+                    }),
+                    Err(_) => Err(anyhow!(format!("Failed to create encoder"))),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("encoder type mismatch")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_to_message(
+        &mut self,
+        frame: EncodeInput,
+        ms: i64,
+    ) -> ResultType<hbb_common::message_proto::VideoFrame> {
+        let (texture, rotation) = frame.texture()?;
+        if rotation != 0 {
+            // to-do: support rotation
+            // Both the encoder and display(w,h) information need to be changed.
+            bail!("rotation not supported");
+        }
+        let mut vf = VideoFrame::new();
+        let mut frames = Vec::new();
+        for frame in self
+            .encode(texture, ms)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to encode")?
+        {
+            frames.push(EncodedVideoFrame {
+                data: Bytes::from(frame.data),
+                pts: frame.pts,
+                key: frame.key == 1,
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        }
+        if frames.len() > 0 {
+            // This kind of problem is occurred after a period of time when using AMD encoding,
+            // the encoding length is fixed at about 40, and the picture is still
+            const MIN_BAD_LEN: usize = 100;
+            const MAX_BAD_COUNTER: usize = 30;
+            let this_frame_len = frames[0].data.len();
+            if this_frame_len < MIN_BAD_LEN && this_frame_len == self.last_frame_len {
+                self.same_bad_len_counter += 1;
+                if self.same_bad_len_counter >= MAX_BAD_COUNTER {
+                    log::info!(
+                        "{} times encoding len is {}, switch",
+                        self.same_bad_len_counter,
+                        self.last_frame_len
+                    );
+                    bail!(crate::codec::ENCODE_NEED_SWITCH);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.same_bad_len_counter = 0;
+            }
+            self.last_frame_len = this_frame_len;
+            let frames = EncodedVideoFrames {
+                frames: frames.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            };
+            match self.format {
+                DataFormat::H264 => vf.set_h264s(frames),
+                DataFormat::H265 => vf.set_h265s(frames),
+                _ => bail!("{:?} not supported", self.format),
+            }
+            Ok(vf)
+        } else {
+            Err(anyhow!("no valid frame"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn yuvfmt(&self) -> EncodeYuvFormat {
+        // useless
+        EncodeYuvFormat {
+            pixfmt: Pixfmt::BGRA,
+            w: self.ctx.d.width as _,
+            h: self.ctx.d.height as _,
+            stride: Vec::new(),
+            u: 0,
+            v: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    fn input_texture(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn set_quality(&mut self, ratio: f32) -> ResultType<()> {
+        let bitrate = Self::bitrate(
+            self.ctx.f.data_format,
+            self.ctx.d.width as _,
+            self.ctx.d.height as _,
+            ratio,
+        );
+        if bitrate > 0 {
+            if self.encoder.set_bitrate((bitrate) as _).is_ok() {
+                self.bitrate = bitrate;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.bitrate
+    }
+
+    fn support_changing_quality(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn latency_free(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn is_hardware(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn disable(&self) {
+        HwCodecConfig::clear(true, true);
+    }
+}
+
+impl VRamEncoder {
+    pub fn try_get(device: &AdapterDevice, format: CodecFormat) -> Option<FeatureContext> {
+        let v: Vec<_> = Self::available(format)
+            .drain(..)
+            .filter(|e| e.luid == device.luid)
+            .collect();
+        if v.len() > 0 {
+            // prefer ffmpeg
+            if let Some(ctx) = v.iter().find(|c| c.driver == Driver::FFMPEG) {
+                return Some(ctx.clone());
+            }
+            Some(v[0].clone())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn available(format: CodecFormat) -> Vec<FeatureContext> {
+        let fallbacks = FALLBACK_GDI_DISPLAYS.lock().unwrap().clone();
+        if !fallbacks.is_empty() {
+            log::info!("fallback gdi displays not empty: {fallbacks:?}");
+            return vec![];
+        }
+        let not_use = ENOCDE_NOT_USE.lock().unwrap().clone();
+        if not_use.values().any(|not_use| *not_use) {
+            log::info!("currently not use vram encoders: {not_use:?}");
+            return vec![];
+        }
+        let data_format = match format {
+            CodecFormat::H264 => DataFormat::H264,
+            CodecFormat::H265 => DataFormat::H265,
+            _ => return vec![],
+        };
+        let v: Vec<_> = crate::hwcodec::HwCodecConfig::get()
+            .vram_encode
+            .drain(..)
+            .filter(|c| c.data_format == data_format)
+            .collect();
+        if crate::hwcodec::HwRamEncoder::try_get(format).is_some() {
+            // has fallback, no need to require all adapters support
+            v
+        } else {
+            let Ok(displays) = crate::Display::all() else {
+                log::error!("failed to get displays");
+                return vec![];
+            };
+            if displays.is_empty() {
+                log::error!("no display found");
+                return vec![];
+            }
+            let luids = displays
+                .iter()
+                .map(|d| d.adapter_luid())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            if luids
+                .iter()
+                .all(|luid| v.iter().any(|f| Some(f.luid) == *luid))
+            {
+                v
+            } else {
+                log::info!("not all adapters support {data_format:?}, luids = {luids:?}");
+                vec![]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode(&mut self, texture: *mut c_void, ms: i64) -> ResultType<Vec<EncodeFrame>> {
+        match self.encoder.encode(texture, ms) {
+            Ok(v) => {
+                let mut data = Vec::<EncodeFrame>::new();
+                data.append(v);
+                Ok(data)
+            }
+            Err(_) => Ok(Vec::<EncodeFrame>::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bitrate(fmt: DataFormat, width: usize, height: usize, ratio: f32) -> u32 {
+        crate::hwcodec::HwRamEncoder::calc_bitrate(width, height, ratio, fmt == DataFormat::H264)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_not_use(video_service_name: String, not_use: bool) {
+        log::info!("set {video_service_name} not use vram encode to {not_use}");
+        ENOCDE_NOT_USE
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .insert(video_service_name, not_use);
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_fallback_gdi(video_service_name: String, fallback: bool) {
+        if fallback {
+            FALLBACK_GDI_DISPLAYS
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .insert(video_service_name);
+        } else {
+            FALLBACK_GDI_DISPLAYS
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .remove(&video_service_name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VRamDecoder {
+    decoder: Decoder,
+}
+
+impl VRamDecoder {
+    pub fn try_get(format: CodecFormat, luid: Option<i64>) -> Option<DecodeContext> {
+        let v: Vec<_> = Self::available(format, luid);
+        if v.len() > 0 {
+            // prefer ffmpeg
+            if let Some(ctx) = v.iter().find(|c| c.driver == Driver::FFMPEG) {
+                return Some(ctx.clone());
+            }
+            Some(v[0].clone())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn available(format: CodecFormat, luid: Option<i64>) -> Vec<DecodeContext> {
+        let luid = luid.unwrap_or_default();
+        let data_format = match format {
+            CodecFormat::H264 => DataFormat::H264,
+            CodecFormat::H265 => DataFormat::H265,
+            _ => return vec![],
+        };
+        crate::hwcodec::HwCodecConfig::get()
+            .vram_decode
+            .drain(..)
+            .filter(|c| c.data_format == data_format && c.luid == luid && luid != 0)
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn possible_available_without_check() -> (bool, bool) {
+        if !enable_vram_option(false) {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+        let v = crate::hwcodec::HwCodecConfig::get().vram_decode;
+        (
+            v.iter().any(|d| d.data_format == DataFormat::H264),
+            v.iter().any(|d| d.data_format == DataFormat::H265),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(format: CodecFormat, luid: Option<i64>) -> ResultType<Self> {
+        let ctx = Self::try_get(format, luid).ok_or(anyhow!("Failed to get decode context"))?;
+        log::info!("try create vram decoder: {ctx:?}");
+        match Decoder::new(ctx) {
+            Ok(decoder) => Ok(Self { decoder }),
+            Err(_) => {
+                HwCodecConfig::clear(true, false);
+                Err(anyhow!(format!(
+                    "Failed to create decoder, format: {:?}",
+                    format
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn decode<'a>(&'a mut self, data: &[u8]) -> ResultType<Vec<VRamDecoderImage<'a>>> {
+        match self.decoder.decode(data) {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v.iter().map(|f| VRamDecoderImage { frame: f }).collect()),
+            Err(e) => Err(anyhow!(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VRamDecoderImage<'a> {
+    pub frame: &'a DecodeFrame,
+}
+
+impl VRamDecoderImage<'_> {}
+
+pub(crate) fn check_available_vram() -> (Vec<FeatureContext>, Vec<DecodeContext>, String) {
+    let d = DynamicContext {
+        device: None,
+        width: 1280,
+        height: 720,
+        kbitrate: 5000,
+        framerate: 60,
+        gop: MAX_GOP as _,
+    };
+    let encoders = encode::available(d);
+    let decoders = decode::available();
+    let available = Available {
+        e: encoders.clone(),
+        d: decoders.clone(),
+    };
+    (
+        encoders,
+        decoders,
+        available.serialize().unwrap_or_default(),
+    )
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/wayland.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use crate::{
+    wayland::{capturable::*, *},
+    Frame, TraitCapturer,
+};
+use std::{io, sync::RwLock, time::Duration};
+
+use super::x11::PixelBuffer;
+
+pub struct Capturer(Display, Box<dyn Recorder>, Vec<u8>);
+
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref MAP_ERR: RwLock<Option<fn(err: String)-> io::Error>> = Default::default();
+}
+
+pub fn set_map_err(f: fn(err: String) -> io::Error) {
+    *MAP_ERR.write().unwrap() = Some(f);
+}
+
+fn map_err<E: ToString>(err: E) -> io::Error {
+    if let Some(f) = *MAP_ERR.read().unwrap() {
+        f(err.to_string())
+    } else {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        let r = display.0.recorder(false).map_err(map_err)?;
+        Ok(Capturer(display, r, Default::default()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.width()
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.height()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        match self.1.capture(timeout.as_millis() as _).map_err(map_err)? {
+            PixelProvider::BGR0(w, h, x) => Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::new(
+                x,
+                crate::Pixfmt::BGRA,
+                w,
+                h,
+            ))),
+            PixelProvider::RGB0(w, h, x) => Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::new(
+                x,
+                crate::Pixfmt::RGBA,
+                w,
+                h,
+            ))),
+            PixelProvider::NONE => Err(std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into()),
+            _ => Err(map_err("Invalid data")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display(pub(crate) pipewire::PipeWireCapturable);
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        let mut all = Display::all()?;
+        if all.is_empty() {
+            return Err(io::ErrorKind::NotFound.into());
+        }
+        Ok(all.remove(0))
+    }
+
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        Ok(pipewire::get_capturables()
+            .map_err(map_err)?
+            .drain(..)
+            .map(|x| Display(x))
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.physical_width()
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.physical_height()
+    }
+
+    pub fn physical_width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.physical_size.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn physical_height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.physical_size.1
+    }
+
+    pub fn logical_width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.logical_size.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn logical_height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.logical_size.1
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale(&self) -> f64 {
+        if self.logical_width() == 0 {
+            1.0
+        } else {
+            self.physical_width() as f64 / self.logical_width() as f64
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        self.0.position
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.primary
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        "".to_owned()
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/common/x11.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use crate::{common::TraitCapturer, x11, Frame, Pixfmt, TraitPixelBuffer};
+use std::{io, time::Duration};
+
+pub struct Capturer(x11::Capturer);
+
+pub const IS_CURSOR_EMBEDDED: bool = false;
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        x11::Capturer::new(display.0).map(Capturer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.display().rect().w as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.display().rect().h as usize
+    }
+}
+
+impl TraitCapturer for Capturer {
+    fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, _timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        let width = self.width();
+        let height = self.height();
+        let pixfmt = self.0.display().pixfmt();
+        Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::new(
+            self.0.frame()?,
+            pixfmt,
+            width,
+            height,
+        )))
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    data: &'a [u8],
+    pixfmt: Pixfmt,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    stride: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(data: &'a [u8], pixfmt: Pixfmt, width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
+        let stride0 = data.len() / height;
+        let mut stride = Vec::new();
+        stride.push(stride0);
+        Self {
+            data,
+            pixfmt,
+            width,
+            height,
+            stride,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TraitPixelBuffer for PixelBuffer<'a> {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.data
+    }
+
+    fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+
+    fn stride(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
+        self.stride.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn pixfmt(&self) -> crate::Pixfmt {
+        self.pixfmt
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display(x11::Display);
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> io::Result<Display> {
+        let server = match x11::Server::default() {
+            Ok(server) => server,
+            Err(_) => return Err(io::ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused.into()),
+        };
+
+        let mut displays = x11::Server::displays(server);
+        let mut best = displays.next();
+        if best.as_ref().map(|x| x.is_default()) == Some(false) {
+            best = displays.find(|x| x.is_default()).or(best);
+        }
+
+        match best {
+            Some(best) => Ok(Display(best)),
+            None => Err(io::ErrorKind::NotFound.into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn all() -> io::Result<Vec<Display>> {
+        let server = match x11::Server::default() {
+            Ok(server) => server,
+            Err(_) => return Err(io::ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused.into()),
+        };
+
+        Ok(x11::Server::displays(server).map(Display).collect())
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.rect().w as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.rect().h as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let r = self.0.rect();
+        (r.x as _, r.y as _)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.name()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_shm_status(&self) -> Result<(), x11::Error> {
+        self.0.server().get_shm_status()
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/dxgi/gdi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+use std::mem::size_of;
+use winapi::{
+    shared::windef::{HBITMAP, HDC},
+    um::wingdi::{
+        BitBlt,
+        CreateCompatibleBitmap,
+        CreateCompatibleDC,
+        CreateDCW,
+        DeleteDC,
+        DeleteObject,
+        GetDIBits,
+        SelectObject,
+        BITMAPINFO,
+        BITMAPINFOHEADER,
+        BI_RGB,
+        CAPTUREBLT,
+        DIB_RGB_COLORS, //CAPTUREBLT,
+        HGDI_ERROR,
+        RGBQUAD,
+        SRCCOPY,
+    },
+};
+
+const PIXEL_WIDTH: i32 = 4;
+
+pub struct CapturerGDI {
+    screen_dc: HDC,
+    dc: HDC,
+    bmp: HBITMAP,
+    width: i32,
+    height: i32,
+}
+
+impl CapturerGDI {
+    pub fn new(name: &[u16], width: i32, height: i32) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        /* or Enumerate monitors with EnumDisplayMonitors,
+        https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34987695/how-can-i-get-an-hmonitor-handle-from-a-display-device-name
+            #[no_mangle]
+            pub extern "C" fn callback(m: HMONITOR, dc: HDC, rect: LPRECT, lp: LPARAM) -> BOOL {}
+        */
+        /*
+        shared::windef::HMONITOR,
+        winuser::{GetMonitorInfoW, GetSystemMetrics, MONITORINFOEXW},
+        let mut mi: MONITORINFOEXW = std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+        mi.cbSize = size_of::<MONITORINFOEXW>() as _;
+        if GetMonitorInfoW(m, &mut mi as *mut MONITORINFOEXW as _) == 0 {
+            return Err(format!("Failed to get monitor information of: {:?}", m).into());
+        }
+        */
+        unsafe {
+            if name.is_empty() {
+                return Err("Empty display name".into());
+            }
+            let screen_dc = CreateDCW(&name[0], 0 as _, 0 as _, 0 as _);
+            if screen_dc.is_null() {
+                return Err("Failed to create dc from monitor name".into());
+            }
+
+            // Create a Windows Bitmap, and copy the bits into it
+            let dc = CreateCompatibleDC(screen_dc);
+            if dc.is_null() {
+                DeleteDC(screen_dc);
+                return Err("Can't get a Windows display".into());
+            }
+
+            let bmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(screen_dc, width, height);
+            if bmp.is_null() {
+                DeleteDC(screen_dc);
+                DeleteDC(dc);
+                return Err("Can't create a Windows buffer".into());
+            }
+
+            let res = SelectObject(dc, bmp as _);
+            if res.is_null() || res == HGDI_ERROR {
+                DeleteDC(screen_dc);
+                DeleteDC(dc);
+                DeleteObject(bmp as _);
+                return Err("Can't select Windows buffer".into());
+            }
+            Ok(Self {
+                screen_dc,
+                dc,
+                bmp,
+                width,
+                height,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn frame(&self, data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        unsafe {
+            let res = BitBlt(
+                self.dc,
+                0,
+                0,
+                self.width,
+                self.height,
+                self.screen_dc,
+                0,
+                0,
+                SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT, // CAPTUREBLT enable layered window but also make cursor blinking
+            );
+            if res == 0 {
+                return Err("Failed to copy screen to Windows buffer".into());
+            }
+
+            let stride = self.width * PIXEL_WIDTH;
+            let size: usize = (stride * self.height) as usize;
+            let mut data1: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(size);
+            data1.set_len(size);
+            data.resize(size, 0);
+
+            let mut bmi = BITMAPINFO {
+                bmiHeader: BITMAPINFOHEADER {
+                    biSize: size_of::<BITMAPINFOHEADER>() as _,
+                    biWidth: self.width as _,
+                    biHeight: self.height as _,
+                    biPlanes: 1,
+                    biBitCount: (8 * PIXEL_WIDTH) as _,
+                    biCompression: BI_RGB,
+                    biSizeImage: (self.width * self.height * PIXEL_WIDTH) as _,
+                    biXPelsPerMeter: 0,
+                    biYPelsPerMeter: 0,
+                    biClrUsed: 0,
+                    biClrImportant: 0,
+                },
+                bmiColors: [RGBQUAD {
+                    rgbBlue: 0,
+                    rgbGreen: 0,
+                    rgbRed: 0,
+                    rgbReserved: 0,
+                }],
+            };
+
+            // copy bits into Vec
+            let res = GetDIBits(
+                self.dc,
+                self.bmp,
+                0,
+                self.height as _,
+                &mut data[0] as *mut u8 as _,
+                &mut bmi as _,
+                DIB_RGB_COLORS,
+            );
+            if res == 0 {
+                return Err("GetDIBits failed".into());
+            }
+            crate::common::ARGBMirror(
+                data.as_ptr(),
+                stride,
+                data1.as_mut_ptr(),
+                stride,
+                self.width,
+                self.height,
+            );
+            crate::common::ARGBRotate(
+                data1.as_ptr(),
+                stride,
+                data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                stride,
+                self.width,
+                self.height,
+                crate::RotationMode::kRotate180,
+            );
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for CapturerGDI {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            DeleteDC(self.screen_dc);
+            DeleteDC(self.dc);
+            DeleteObject(self.bmp as _);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::*;
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        match Displays::new().unwrap().next() {
+            Some(d) => {
+                let w = d.width();
+                let h = d.height();
+                let c = CapturerGDI::new(d.name(), w, h).unwrap();
+                let mut data = Vec::new();
+                c.frame(&mut data).unwrap();
+                let mut bitflipped = Vec::with_capacity((w * h * 4) as usize);
+                for y in 0..h {
+                    for x in 0..w {
+                        let i = (w * 4 * y + 4 * x) as usize;
+                        bitflipped.extend_from_slice(&[data[i + 2], data[i + 1], data[i], 255]);
+                    }
+                }
+                repng::encode(
+                    std::fs::File::create("gdi_screen.png").unwrap(),
+                    d.width() as u32,
+                    d.height() as u32,
+                    &bitflipped,
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
+            _ => {
+                assert!(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/dxgi/mag.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+// logic from webrtc -- https://github.com/shiguredo/libwebrtc/blob/main/modules/desktop_capture/win/screen_capturer_win_magnifier.cc
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+
+use lazy_static;
+use std::{
+    ffi::CString,
+    io::{Error, ErrorKind, Result},
+    mem::size_of,
+    sync::Mutex,
+};
+use winapi::{
+    shared::{
+        basetsd::SIZE_T,
+        guiddef::{IsEqualGUID, GUID},
+        minwindef::{BOOL, DWORD, FALSE, FARPROC, HINSTANCE, HMODULE, HRGN, TRUE, UINT},
+        ntdef::{LONG, NULL},
+        windef::{HWND, RECT},
+        winerror::ERROR_CLASS_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+    },
+    um::{
+        errhandlingapi::GetLastError,
+        libloaderapi::{FreeLibrary, GetModuleHandleExA, GetProcAddress, LoadLibraryExA},
+        winuser::*,
+    },
+};
+
+pub const MW_FILTERMODE_EXCLUDE: u32 = 0;
+pub const MW_FILTERMODE_INCLUDE: u32 = 1;
+pub const GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_PIN: u32 = 1;
+pub const GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT: u32 = 2;
+pub const GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS: u32 = 4;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_DATAFILE: u32 = 2;
+pub const LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH: u32 = 8;
+pub const LOAD_IGNORE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL: u32 = 16;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_IMAGE_RESOURCE: u32 = 32;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_DATAFILE_EXCLUSIVE: u32 = 64;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_REQUIRE_SIGNED_TARGET: u32 = 128;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR: u32 = 256;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_APPLICATION_DIR: u32 = 512;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS: u32 = 1024;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32: u32 = 2048;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DEFAULT_DIRS: u32 = 4096;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SAFE_CURRENT_DIRS: u32 = 8192;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32_NO_FORWARDER: u32 = 16384;
+pub const LOAD_LIBRARY_OS_INTEGRITY_CONTINUITY: u32 = 32768;
+
+extern "C" {
+    pub static GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA: GUID;
+}
+
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref MAG_BUFFER: Mutex<(bool, Vec<u8>)> =  Default::default();
+}
+
+pub type REFWICPixelFormatGUID = *const GUID;
+pub type WICPixelFormatGUID = GUID;
+
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct tagMAGIMAGEHEADER {
+    pub width: UINT,
+    pub height: UINT,
+    pub format: WICPixelFormatGUID,
+    pub stride: UINT,
+    pub offset: UINT,
+    pub cbSize: SIZE_T,
+}
+pub type MAGIMAGEHEADER = tagMAGIMAGEHEADER;
+pub type PMAGIMAGEHEADER = *mut tagMAGIMAGEHEADER;
+
+// Function types
+pub type MagImageScalingCallback = ::std::option::Option<
+    unsafe extern "C" fn(
+        hwnd: HWND,
+        srcdata: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_void,
+        srcheader: MAGIMAGEHEADER,
+        destdata: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_void,
+        destheader: MAGIMAGEHEADER,
+        unclipped: RECT,
+        clipped: RECT,
+        dirty: HRGN,
+    ) -> BOOL,
+>;
+
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn MagShowSystemCursor(fShowCursor: BOOL) -> BOOL;
+}
+pub type MagInitializeFunc = ::std::option::Option<unsafe extern "C" fn() -> BOOL>;
+pub type MagUninitializeFunc = ::std::option::Option<unsafe extern "C" fn() -> BOOL>;
+pub type MagSetWindowSourceFunc =
+    ::std::option::Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(hwnd: HWND, rect: RECT) -> BOOL>;
+pub type MagSetWindowFilterListFunc = ::std::option::Option<
+    unsafe extern "C" fn(
+        hwnd: HWND,
+        dwFilterMode: DWORD,
+        count: ::std::os::raw::c_int,
+        pHWND: *mut HWND,
+    ) -> BOOL,
+>;
+pub type MagSetImageScalingCallbackFunc = ::std::option::Option<
+    unsafe extern "C" fn(hwnd: HWND, callback: MagImageScalingCallback) -> BOOL,
+>;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct MagInterface {
+    init_succeeded: bool,
+    lib_handle: HINSTANCE,
+    pub mag_initialize_func: MagInitializeFunc,
+    pub mag_uninitialize_func: MagUninitializeFunc,
+    pub set_window_source_func: MagSetWindowSourceFunc,
+    pub set_window_filter_list_func: MagSetWindowFilterListFunc,
+    pub set_image_scaling_callback_func: MagSetImageScalingCallbackFunc,
+}
+
+// NOTE: MagInitialize and MagUninitialize should not be called in global init and uninit.
+// If so, strange errors occur.
+impl MagInterface {
+    fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut s = MagInterface {
+            init_succeeded: false,
+            lib_handle: NULL as _,
+            mag_initialize_func: None,
+            mag_uninitialize_func: None,
+            set_window_source_func: None,
+            set_window_filter_list_func: None,
+            set_image_scaling_callback_func: None,
+        };
+        s.init_succeeded = false;
+        unsafe {
+            // load lib
+            let lib_file_name = "Magnification.dll";
+            let lib_file_name_c = CString::new(lib_file_name)?;
+            s.lib_handle = LoadLibraryExA(
+                lib_file_name_c.as_ptr() as _,
+                NULL,
+                LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32,
+            );
+            if s.lib_handle.is_null() {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed to LoadLibraryExA {}, error {}",
+                        lib_file_name,
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            };
+
+            // load functions
+            s.mag_initialize_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(Self::load_func(
+                s.lib_handle,
+                "MagInitialize",
+            )?));
+            s.mag_uninitialize_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(Self::load_func(
+                s.lib_handle,
+                "MagUninitialize",
+            )?));
+            s.set_window_source_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(Self::load_func(
+                s.lib_handle,
+                "MagSetWindowSource",
+            )?));
+            s.set_window_filter_list_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(Self::load_func(
+                s.lib_handle,
+                "MagSetWindowFilterList",
+            )?));
+            s.set_image_scaling_callback_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(Self::load_func(
+                s.lib_handle,
+                "MagSetImageScalingCallback",
+            )?));
+
+            // MagInitialize
+            if let Some(init_func) = s.mag_initialize_func {
+                if FALSE == init_func() {
+                    return Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!("Failed to MagInitialize, error {}", Error::last_os_error()),
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    s.init_succeeded = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "Unreachable, mag_initialize_func should not be none",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(s)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn load_func(lib_module: HMODULE, func_name: &str) -> Result<FARPROC> {
+        let func_name_c = CString::new(func_name)?;
+        let func = GetProcAddress(lib_module, func_name_c.as_ptr() as _);
+        if func.is_null() {
+            return Err(Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!(
+                    "Failed to GetProcAddress {}, error {}",
+                    func_name,
+                    Error::last_os_error()
+                ),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(func)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn uninit(&mut self) {
+        if self.init_succeeded {
+            if let Some(uninit_func) = self.mag_uninitialize_func {
+                unsafe {
+                    if FALSE == uninit_func() {
+                        println!("Failed MagUninitialize, error {}", Error::last_os_error())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if !self.lib_handle.is_null() {
+                unsafe {
+                    if FALSE == FreeLibrary(self.lib_handle) {
+                        println!("Failed FreeLibrary, error {}", Error::last_os_error())
+                    }
+                }
+                self.lib_handle = NULL as _;
+            }
+        }
+        self.init_succeeded = false;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MagInterface {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.uninit();
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CapturerMag {
+    mag_interface: MagInterface,
+    host_window: HWND,
+    magnifier_window: HWND,
+
+    magnifier_host_class: CString,
+    host_window_name: CString,
+    magnifier_window_class: CString,
+    magnifier_window_name: CString,
+
+    rect: RECT,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+}
+
+impl Drop for CapturerMag {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.destroy_windows();
+        self.mag_interface.uninit();
+    }
+}
+
+impl CapturerMag {
+    pub(crate) fn is_supported() -> bool {
+        MagInterface::new().is_ok()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn new(origin: (i32, i32), width: usize, height: usize) -> Result<Self> {
+        unsafe {
+            let x = GetSystemMetrics(SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            if !(origin.0 >= x as i32
+                && origin.1 >= y as i32
+                && width <= w as usize
+                && height <= h as usize)
+            {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed Check screen rect ({}, {}, {} , {}) to ({}, {}, {}, {})",
+                        origin.0,
+                        origin.1,
+                        origin.0 + width as i32,
+                        origin.1 + height as i32,
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        x + w,
+                        y + h
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut s = Self {
+            mag_interface: MagInterface::new()?,
+            host_window: 0 as _,
+            magnifier_window: 0 as _,
+            magnifier_host_class: CString::new("ScreenCapturerWinMagnifierHost")?,
+            host_window_name: CString::new("MagnifierHost")?,
+            magnifier_window_class: CString::new("Magnifier")?,
+            magnifier_window_name: CString::new("MagnifierWindow")?,
+            rect: RECT {
+                left: origin.0 as _,
+                top: origin.1 as _,
+                right: origin.0 + width as LONG,
+                bottom: origin.1 + height as LONG,
+            },
+            width,
+            height,
+        };
+
+        unsafe {
+            let mut instance = 0 as HMODULE;
+            if 0 == GetModuleHandleExA(
+                GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS
+                    | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT,
+                DefWindowProcA as _,
+                &mut instance as _,
+            ) {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed to GetModuleHandleExA, error {}",
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            // Register the host window class. See the MSDN documentation of the
+            // Magnification API for more information.
+            let wcex = WNDCLASSEXA {
+                cbSize: size_of::<WNDCLASSEXA>() as _,
+                style: 0,
+                lpfnWndProc: Some(DefWindowProcA),
+                cbClsExtra: 0,
+                cbWndExtra: 0,
+                hInstance: instance,
+                hIcon: 0 as _,
+                hCursor: LoadCursorA(NULL as _, IDC_ARROW as _),
+                hbrBackground: 0 as _,
+                lpszClassName: s.magnifier_host_class.as_ptr() as _,
+                lpszMenuName: 0 as _,
+                hIconSm: 0 as _,
+            };
+
+            // Ignore the error which may happen when the class is already registered.
+            if 0 == RegisterClassExA(&wcex) {
+                let code = GetLastError();
+                if code != ERROR_CLASS_ALREADY_EXISTS {
+                    return Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!(
+                            "Failed to RegisterClassExA, error {}",
+                            Error::from_raw_os_error(code as _)
+                        ),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Create the host window.
+            s.host_window = CreateWindowExA(
+                WS_EX_LAYERED,
+                s.magnifier_host_class.as_ptr(),
+                s.host_window_name.as_ptr(),
+                WS_POPUP,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                NULL as _,
+                NULL as _,
+                instance,
+                NULL,
+            );
+            if s.host_window.is_null() {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed to CreateWindowExA host_window, error {}",
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            // Create the magnifier control.
+            s.magnifier_window = CreateWindowExA(
+                0,
+                s.magnifier_window_class.as_ptr(),
+                s.magnifier_window_name.as_ptr(),
+                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                s.host_window,
+                NULL as _,
+                instance,
+                NULL,
+            );
+            if s.magnifier_window.is_null() {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed CreateWindowA magnifier_window, error {}",
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            // Hide the host window.
+            let _ = ShowWindow(s.host_window, SW_HIDE);
+
+            // Set the scaling callback to receive captured image.
+            if let Some(set_callback_func) = s.mag_interface.set_image_scaling_callback_func {
+                if FALSE
+                    == set_callback_func(
+                        s.magnifier_window,
+                        Some(Self::on_gag_image_scaling_callback),
+                    )
+                {
+                    return Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!(
+                            "Failed to MagSetImageScalingCallback, error {}",
+                            Error::last_os_error()
+                        ),
+                    ));
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "Unreachable, set_image_scaling_callback_func should not be none",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(s)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn exclude(&mut self, cls: &str, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        let name_c = CString::new(name)?;
+        unsafe {
+            let mut hwnd = if cls.len() == 0 {
+                FindWindowExA(NULL as _, NULL as _, NULL as _, name_c.as_ptr())
+            } else {
+                let cls_c = CString::new(cls).unwrap();
+                FindWindowExA(NULL as _, NULL as _, cls_c.as_ptr(), name_c.as_ptr())
+            };
+
+            if hwnd.is_null() {
+                return Ok(false);
+            }
+
+            if let Some(set_window_filter_list_func) =
+                self.mag_interface.set_window_filter_list_func
+            {
+                if FALSE
+                    == set_window_filter_list_func(
+                        self.magnifier_window,
+                        MW_FILTERMODE_EXCLUDE,
+                        1,
+                        &mut hwnd,
+                    )
+                {
+                    return Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!(
+                            "Failed MagSetWindowFilterList for cls {} name {}, error {}",
+                            cls,
+                            name,
+                            Error::last_os_error()
+                        ),
+                    ));
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "Unreachable, MagSetWindowFilterList should not be none",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_rect(&self) -> ((i32, i32), usize, usize) {
+        (
+            (self.rect.left as _, self.rect.top as _),
+            self.width as _,
+            self.height as _,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn clear_data() {
+        let mut lock = MAG_BUFFER.lock().unwrap();
+        lock.0 = false;
+        lock.1.clear();
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn frame(&mut self, data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
+        Self::clear_data();
+
+        unsafe {
+            let x = GetSystemMetrics(SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            let h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN);
+            if !(self.rect.left >= x as i32
+                && self.rect.top >= y as i32
+                && self.rect.right <= (x + w) as i32
+                && self.rect.bottom <= (y + h) as i32)
+            {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed Check screen rect ({}, {}, {} , {}) to ({}, {}, {}, {})",
+                        self.rect.left,
+                        self.rect.top,
+                        self.rect.right,
+                        self.rect.bottom,
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        x + w,
+                        y + h
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            if FALSE
+                == SetWindowPos(
+                    self.magnifier_window,
+                    HWND_TOP,
+                    self.rect.left,
+                    self.rect.top,
+                    self.rect.right - self.rect.left,
+                    self.rect.bottom - self.rect.top,
+                    0,
+                )
+            {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed SetWindowPos (x, y, w , h) - ({}, {}, {}, {}), error {}",
+                        self.rect.left,
+                        self.rect.top,
+                        self.rect.right - self.rect.left,
+                        self.rect.bottom - self.rect.top,
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            // on_gag_image_scaling_callback will be called and fill in the
+            // frame before set_window_source_func_ returns.
+            if let Some(set_window_source_func) = self.mag_interface.set_window_source_func {
+                if FALSE == set_window_source_func(self.magnifier_window, self.rect) {
+                    return Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Other,
+                        format!(
+                            "Failed to MagSetWindowSource, error {}",
+                            Error::last_os_error()
+                        ),
+                    ));
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "Unreachable, set_window_source_func should not be none",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut lock = MAG_BUFFER.lock().unwrap();
+        if !lock.0 {
+            return Err(Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::Other,
+                "No data captured by magnifier",
+            ));
+        }
+
+        data.resize(lock.1.len(), 0);
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(&mut lock.1[0], &mut data[0], data.len());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn destroy_windows(&mut self) {
+        if !self.magnifier_window.is_null() {
+            unsafe {
+                if FALSE == DestroyWindow(self.magnifier_window) {
+                    //
+                    println!(
+                        "Failed DestroyWindow magnifier window, error {}",
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.magnifier_window = NULL as _;
+
+        if !self.host_window.is_null() {
+            unsafe {
+                if FALSE == DestroyWindow(self.host_window) {
+                    //
+                    println!(
+                        "Failed DestroyWindow host window, error {}",
+                        Error::last_os_error()
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.host_window = NULL as _;
+    }
+
+    unsafe extern "C" fn on_gag_image_scaling_callback(
+        _hwnd: HWND,
+        srcdata: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_void,
+        srcheader: MAGIMAGEHEADER,
+        _destdata: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_void,
+        _destheader: MAGIMAGEHEADER,
+        _unclipped: RECT,
+        _clipped: RECT,
+        _dirty: HRGN,
+    ) -> BOOL {
+        Self::clear_data();
+
+        if !IsEqualGUID(&srcheader.format, &GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA) {
+            // log warning?
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        let mut lock = MAG_BUFFER.lock().unwrap();
+        lock.1.resize(srcheader.cbSize, 0);
+        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(srcdata as _, &mut lock.1[0], srcheader.cbSize);
+        lock.0 = true;
+        TRUE
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut capture_mag = CapturerMag::new((0, 0), 1920, 1080).unwrap();
+        capture_mag.exclude("", "RustDeskPrivacyWindow").unwrap();
+        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(1000 * 10));
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        capture_mag.frame(&mut data).unwrap();
+        println!("capture data len: {}", data.len());
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/dxgi/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+use std::{io, mem, ptr, slice};
+pub mod gdi;
+pub use gdi::CapturerGDI;
+pub mod mag;
+
+use winapi::{
+    shared::{
+        dxgi::*,
+        dxgi1_2::*,
+        dxgitype::*,
+        minwindef::{DWORD, FALSE, TRUE, UINT},
+        ntdef::LONG,
+        windef::{HMONITOR, RECT},
+        winerror::*,
+        // dxgiformat::{DXGI_FORMAT, DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_FORMAT_420_OPAQUE},
+    },
+    um::{
+        d3d11::*, d3dcommon::D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, unknwnbase::IUnknown, wingdi::*,
+        winnt::HRESULT, winuser::*,
+    },
+};
+
+use crate::RotationMode::*;
+
+use crate::{AdapterDevice, Frame, PixelBuffer};
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+
+pub struct ComPtr<T>(*mut T);
+impl<T> ComPtr<T> {
+    fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_null()
+    }
+}
+impl<T> Drop for ComPtr<T> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            if !self.is_null() {
+                (*(self.0 as *mut IUnknown)).Release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    device: ComPtr<ID3D11Device>,
+    display: Display,
+    context: ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext>,
+    duplication: ComPtr<IDXGIOutputDuplication>,
+    fastlane: bool,
+    surface: ComPtr<IDXGISurface>,
+    texture: ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D>,
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    rotated: Vec<u8>,
+    gdi_capturer: Option<CapturerGDI>,
+    gdi_buffer: Vec<u8>,
+    saved_raw_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
+    output_texture: bool,
+    adapter_desc1: DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1,
+    rotate: Rotate,
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        let mut device = ptr::null_mut();
+        let mut context = ptr::null_mut();
+        let mut duplication = ptr::null_mut();
+        #[allow(invalid_value)]
+        let mut desc = unsafe { mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+        #[allow(invalid_value)]
+        let mut adapter_desc1 = unsafe { mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+        let mut gdi_capturer = None;
+
+        let mut res = if display.gdi {
+            wrap_hresult(1)
+        } else {
+            let res = wrap_hresult(unsafe {
+                D3D11CreateDevice(
+                    display.adapter.0 as *mut _,
+                    D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                    ptr::null_mut(), // No software rasterizer.
+                    0,               // No device flags.
+                    ptr::null_mut(), // Feature levels.
+                    0,               // Feature levels' length.
+                    D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
+                    &mut device,
+                    ptr::null_mut(),
+                    &mut context,
+                )
+            });
+            if res.is_ok() {
+                wrap_hresult(unsafe { (*display.adapter.0).GetDesc1(&mut adapter_desc1) })
+            } else {
+                res
+            }
+        };
+        let device = ComPtr(device);
+        let context = ComPtr(context);
+
+        if res.is_err() {
+            gdi_capturer = display.create_gdi();
+            println!("Fallback to GDI");
+            if gdi_capturer.is_some() {
+                res = Ok(());
+            }
+        } else {
+            res = wrap_hresult(unsafe {
+                let hres = (*display.inner.0).DuplicateOutput(device.0 as *mut _, &mut duplication);
+                if hres != S_OK {
+                    gdi_capturer = display.create_gdi();
+                    println!("Fallback to GDI");
+                    if gdi_capturer.is_some() {
+                        S_OK
+                    } else {
+                        hres
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    hres
+                }
+
+                // NVFBC(NVIDIA Capture SDK) which xpra used already deprecated, https://developer.nvidia.com/capture-sdk
+
+                // also try high version DXGI for better performance, e.g.
+                // https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/direct3ddxgi/dxgi-1-2-improvements
+                // dxgi-1-6 may too high, only support win10 (2018)
+                // https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/api/dxgiformat/ne-dxgiformat-dxgi_format
+                // DXGI_FORMAT_420_OPAQUE
+                // IDXGIOutputDuplication::GetFrameDirtyRects and IDXGIOutputDuplication::GetFrameMoveRects
+                // can help us update screen incrementally
+
+                /* // not supported on my PC, try in the future
+                use winapi::shared::dxgiformat::DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
+
+                let format : Vec<DXGI_FORMAT> = vec![DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_FORMAT_420_OPAQUE];
+                (*display.inner).DuplicateOutput1(
+                    device as *mut _,
+                    0 as UINT,
+                    2 as UINT,
+                    format.as_ptr(),
+                    &mut duplication
+                )
+                */
+
+                // if above not work, I think below should not work either, try later
+                // https://developer.nvidia.com/capture-sdk deprecated
+                // examples using directx + nvideo sdk for GPU-accelerated video encoding/decoding
+                // https://github.com/NVIDIA/video-sdk-samples
+            });
+        }
+
+        res?;
+
+        if !duplication.is_null() {
+            unsafe {
+                (*duplication).GetDesc(&mut desc);
+            }
+        }
+        let rotate = Self::create_rotations(device.0, context.0, &display);
+
+        Ok(Capturer {
+            device,
+            context,
+            duplication: ComPtr(duplication),
+            fastlane: desc.DesktopImageInSystemMemory == TRUE,
+            surface: ComPtr(ptr::null_mut()),
+            texture: ComPtr(ptr::null_mut()),
+            width: display.width() as usize,
+            height: display.height() as usize,
+            display,
+            rotated: Vec::new(),
+            gdi_capturer,
+            gdi_buffer: Vec::new(),
+            saved_raw_data: Vec::new(),
+            output_texture: false,
+            adapter_desc1,
+            rotate,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn create_rotations(
+        device: *mut ID3D11Device,
+        context: *mut ID3D11DeviceContext,
+        display: &Display,
+    ) -> Rotate {
+        let mut video_context: *mut ID3D11VideoContext = ptr::null_mut();
+        let mut video_device: *mut ID3D11VideoDevice = ptr::null_mut();
+        let mut video_processor_enum: *mut ID3D11VideoProcessorEnumerator = ptr::null_mut();
+        let mut video_processor: *mut ID3D11VideoProcessor = ptr::null_mut();
+        let processor_rotation = match display.rotation() {
+            DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE90 => Some(D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_ROTATION_90),
+            DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE180 => Some(D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_ROTATION_180),
+            DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE270 => Some(D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_ROTATION_270),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        if let Some(processor_rotation) = processor_rotation {
+            println!("create rotations");
+            if !device.is_null() && !context.is_null() {
+                unsafe {
+                    (*context).QueryInterface(
+                        &IID_ID3D11VideoContext,
+                        &mut video_context as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _,
+                    );
+                    if !video_context.is_null() {
+                        (*device).QueryInterface(
+                            &IID_ID3D11VideoDevice,
+                            &mut video_device as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _,
+                        );
+                        if !video_device.is_null() {
+                            let (input_width, input_height) = match display.rotation() {
+                                DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE90 | DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE270 => {
+                                    (display.height(), display.width())
+                                }
+                                _ => (display.width(), display.height()),
+                            };
+                            let (output_width, output_height) = (display.width(), display.height());
+                            let content_desc = D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_CONTENT_DESC {
+                                InputFrameFormat: D3D11_VIDEO_FRAME_FORMAT_PROGRESSIVE,
+                                InputFrameRate: DXGI_RATIONAL {
+                                    Numerator: 30,
+                                    Denominator: 1,
+                                },
+                                InputWidth: input_width as _,
+                                InputHeight: input_height as _,
+                                OutputFrameRate: DXGI_RATIONAL {
+                                    Numerator: 30,
+                                    Denominator: 1,
+                                },
+                                OutputWidth: output_width as _,
+                                OutputHeight: output_height as _,
+                                Usage: D3D11_VIDEO_USAGE_PLAYBACK_NORMAL,
+                            };
+                            (*video_device).CreateVideoProcessorEnumerator(
+                                &content_desc,
+                                &mut video_processor_enum,
+                            );
+                            if !video_processor_enum.is_null() {
+                                let mut caps: D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_CAPS = mem::zeroed();
+                                if S_OK == (*video_processor_enum).GetVideoProcessorCaps(&mut caps)
+                                {
+                                    if caps.FeatureCaps
+                                        & D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_FEATURE_CAPS_ROTATION
+                                        != 0
+                                    {
+                                        (*video_device).CreateVideoProcessor(
+                                            video_processor_enum,
+                                            0,
+                                            &mut video_processor,
+                                        );
+                                        if !video_processor.is_null() {
+                                            (*video_context).VideoProcessorSetStreamRotation(
+                                                video_processor,
+                                                0,
+                                                TRUE,
+                                                processor_rotation,
+                                            );
+                                            (*video_context)
+                                                .VideoProcessorSetStreamAutoProcessingMode(
+                                                    video_processor,
+                                                    0,
+                                                    FALSE,
+                                                );
+                                            (*video_context).VideoProcessorSetStreamFrameFormat(
+                                                video_processor,
+                                                0,
+                                                D3D11_VIDEO_FRAME_FORMAT_PROGRESSIVE,
+                                            );
+                                            (*video_context).VideoProcessorSetStreamSourceRect(
+                                                video_processor,
+                                                0,
+                                                TRUE,
+                                                &RECT {
+                                                    left: 0,
+                                                    top: 0,
+                                                    right: input_width as _,
+                                                    bottom: input_height as _,
+                                                },
+                                            );
+                                            (*video_context).VideoProcessorSetStreamDestRect(
+                                                video_processor,
+                                                0,
+                                                TRUE,
+                                                &RECT {
+                                                    left: 0,
+                                                    top: 0,
+                                                    right: output_width as _,
+                                                    bottom: output_height as _,
+                                                },
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let video_context = ComPtr(video_context);
+        let video_device = ComPtr(video_device);
+        let video_processor_enum = ComPtr(video_processor_enum);
+        let video_processor = ComPtr(video_processor);
+        let rotated_texture = ComPtr(ptr::null_mut());
+        Rotate {
+            video_context,
+            video_device,
+            video_processor_enum,
+            video_processor,
+            texture: (rotated_texture, false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_gdi(&self) -> bool {
+        self.gdi_capturer.is_some()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_gdi(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.gdi_capturer = self.display.create_gdi();
+        self.is_gdi()
+    }
+
+    pub fn cancel_gdi(&mut self) {
+        self.gdi_buffer = Vec::new();
+        self.gdi_capturer.take();
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    pub fn set_output_texture(&mut self, texture: bool) {
+        self.output_texture = texture;
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn load_frame(&mut self, timeout: UINT) -> io::Result<(*const u8, i32)> {
+        let mut frame = ptr::null_mut();
+        #[allow(invalid_value)]
+        let mut info = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+
+        wrap_hresult((*self.duplication.0).AcquireNextFrame(timeout, &mut info, &mut frame))?;
+        let frame = ComPtr(frame);
+
+        if *info.LastPresentTime.QuadPart() == 0 {
+            return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into());
+        }
+
+        #[allow(invalid_value)]
+        let mut rect = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+        if self.fastlane {
+            wrap_hresult((*self.duplication.0).MapDesktopSurface(&mut rect))?;
+        } else {
+            self.surface = ComPtr(self.ohgodwhat(frame.0)?);
+            wrap_hresult((*self.surface.0).Map(&mut rect, DXGI_MAP_READ))?;
+        }
+        Ok((rect.pBits, rect.Pitch))
+    }
+
+    // copy from GPU memory to system memory
+    unsafe fn ohgodwhat(&mut self, frame: *mut IDXGIResource) -> io::Result<*mut IDXGISurface> {
+        let mut texture: *mut ID3D11Texture2D = ptr::null_mut();
+        (*frame).QueryInterface(
+            &IID_ID3D11Texture2D,
+            &mut texture as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _,
+        );
+        let texture = ComPtr(texture);
+
+        #[allow(invalid_value)]
+        let mut texture_desc = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+        (*texture.0).GetDesc(&mut texture_desc);
+
+        texture_desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_STAGING;
+        texture_desc.BindFlags = 0;
+        texture_desc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_READ;
+        texture_desc.MiscFlags = 0;
+
+        let mut readable = ptr::null_mut();
+        wrap_hresult((*self.device.0).CreateTexture2D(
+            &mut texture_desc,
+            ptr::null(),
+            &mut readable,
+        ))?;
+        (*readable).SetEvictionPriority(DXGI_RESOURCE_PRIORITY_MAXIMUM);
+        let readable = ComPtr(readable);
+
+        let mut surface = ptr::null_mut();
+        (*readable.0).QueryInterface(
+            &IID_IDXGISurface,
+            &mut surface as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _,
+        );
+
+        (*self.context.0).CopyResource(readable.0 as *mut _, texture.0 as *mut _);
+
+        Ok(surface)
+    }
+
+    pub fn frame<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: UINT) -> io::Result<Frame<'a>> {
+        if self.output_texture {
+            Ok(Frame::Texture(self.get_texture(timeout)?))
+        } else {
+            let width = self.width;
+            let height = self.height;
+            Ok(Frame::PixelBuffer(PixelBuffer::with_BGRA(
+                self.get_pixelbuffer(timeout)?,
+                width,
+                height,
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_pixelbuffer<'a>(&'a mut self, timeout: UINT) -> io::Result<&'a [u8]> {
+        unsafe {
+            // Release last frame.
+            // No error checking needed because we don't care.
+            // None of the errors crash anyway.
+            let result = {
+                if let Some(gdi_capturer) = &self.gdi_capturer {
+                    match gdi_capturer.frame(&mut self.gdi_buffer) {
+                        Ok(_) => {
+                            crate::would_block_if_equal(
+                                &mut self.saved_raw_data,
+                                &self.gdi_buffer,
+                            )?;
+                            &self.gdi_buffer
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err.to_string()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    self.unmap();
+                    let r = self.load_frame(timeout)?;
+                    let rotate = match self.display.rotation() {
+                        DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_IDENTITY | DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_UNSPECIFIED => kRotate0,
+                        DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE90 => kRotate90,
+                        DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE180 => kRotate180,
+                        DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE270 => kRotate270,
+                        _ => {
+                            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                                "Unknown rotation".to_string(),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    };
+                    if rotate == kRotate0 {
+                        slice::from_raw_parts(r.0, r.1 as usize * self.height)
+                    } else {
+                        self.rotated.resize(self.width * self.height * 4, 0);
+                        crate::common::ARGBRotate(
+                            r.0,
+                            r.1,
+                            self.rotated.as_mut_ptr(),
+                            4 * self.width as i32,
+                            if rotate == kRotate180 {
+                                self.width
+                            } else {
+                                self.height
+                            } as _,
+                            if rotate != kRotate180 {
+                                self.width
+                            } else {
+                                self.height
+                            } as _,
+                            rotate,
+                        );
+                        &self.rotated[..]
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Ok(result)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_texture(&mut self, timeout: UINT) -> io::Result<(*mut c_void, usize)> {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.duplication.0.is_null() {
+                return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::AddrNotAvailable.into());
+            }
+            (*self.duplication.0).ReleaseFrame();
+            let mut frame = ptr::null_mut();
+            #[allow(invalid_value)]
+            let mut info = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+
+            wrap_hresult((*self.duplication.0).AcquireNextFrame(timeout, &mut info, &mut frame))?;
+            let frame = ComPtr(frame);
+
+            if info.AccumulatedFrames == 0 || *info.LastPresentTime.QuadPart() == 0 {
+                return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock.into());
+            }
+
+            let mut texture: *mut ID3D11Texture2D = ptr::null_mut();
+            (*frame.0).QueryInterface(
+                &IID_ID3D11Texture2D,
+                &mut texture as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _,
+            );
+            let texture = ComPtr(texture);
+            self.texture = texture;
+
+            let mut final_texture = self.texture.0 as *mut c_void;
+            let mut rotation = match self.display.rotation() {
+                DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE90 => 90,
+                DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE180 => 180,
+                DXGI_MODE_ROTATION_ROTATE270 => 270,
+                _ => 0,
+            };
+            if rotation != 0
+                && !self.texture.is_null()
+                && !self.rotate.video_context.is_null()
+                && !self.rotate.video_device.is_null()
+                && !self.rotate.video_processor_enum.is_null()
+                && !self.rotate.video_processor.is_null()
+            {
+                let mut desc: D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC = mem::zeroed();
+                (*self.texture.0).GetDesc(&mut desc);
+                if rotation == 90 || rotation == 270 {
+                    let tmp = desc.Width;
+                    desc.Width = desc.Height;
+                    desc.Height = tmp;
+                }
+                if !self.rotate.texture.1 {
+                    self.rotate.texture.1 = true;
+                    let mut rotated_texture: *mut ID3D11Texture2D = ptr::null_mut();
+                    desc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED;
+                    (*self.device.0).CreateTexture2D(&desc, ptr::null(), &mut rotated_texture);
+                    self.rotate.texture.0 = ComPtr(rotated_texture);
+                }
+                if !self.rotate.texture.0.is_null()
+                    && desc.Width == self.width as u32
+                    && desc.Height == self.height as u32
+                {
+                    let input_view_desc = D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_INPUT_VIEW_DESC {
+                        FourCC: 0,
+                        ViewDimension: D3D11_VPIV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D,
+                        Texture2D: D3D11_TEX2D_VPIV {
+                            ArraySlice: 0,
+                            MipSlice: 0,
+                        },
+                    };
+                    let mut input_view = ptr::null_mut();
+                    (*self.rotate.video_device.0).CreateVideoProcessorInputView(
+                        self.texture.0 as *mut _,
+                        self.rotate.video_processor_enum.0 as *mut _,
+                        &input_view_desc,
+                        &mut input_view,
+                    );
+                    if !input_view.is_null() {
+                        let input_view = ComPtr(input_view);
+                        let mut output_view_desc: D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_OUTPUT_VIEW_DESC =
+                            mem::zeroed();
+                        output_view_desc.ViewDimension = D3D11_VPOV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
+                        output_view_desc.u.Texture2D_mut().MipSlice = 0;
+                        let mut output_view = ptr::null_mut();
+                        (*self.rotate.video_device.0).CreateVideoProcessorOutputView(
+                            self.rotate.texture.0 .0 as *mut _,
+                            self.rotate.video_processor_enum.0 as *mut _,
+                            &output_view_desc,
+                            &mut output_view,
+                        );
+                        if !output_view.is_null() {
+                            let output_view = ComPtr(output_view);
+                            let mut stream_data: D3D11_VIDEO_PROCESSOR_STREAM = mem::zeroed();
+                            stream_data.Enable = TRUE;
+                            stream_data.pInputSurface = input_view.0;
+                            (*self.rotate.video_context.0).VideoProcessorBlt(
+                                self.rotate.video_processor.0,
+                                output_view.0,
+                                0,
+                                1,
+                                &stream_data,
+                            );
+                            final_texture = self.rotate.texture.0 .0 as *mut c_void;
+                            rotation = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Ok((final_texture, rotation))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn unmap(&self) {
+        unsafe {
+            (*self.duplication.0).ReleaseFrame();
+            if self.fastlane {
+                (*self.duplication.0).UnMapDesktopSurface();
+            } else {
+                if !self.surface.is_null() {
+                    (*self.surface.0).Unmap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn device(&self) -> AdapterDevice {
+        AdapterDevice {
+            device: self.device.0 as _,
+            vendor_id: self.adapter_desc1.VendorId,
+            luid: ((self.adapter_desc1.AdapterLuid.HighPart as i64) << 32)
+                | self.adapter_desc1.AdapterLuid.LowPart as i64,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Capturer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !self.duplication.is_null() {
+            self.unmap();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Displays {
+    factory: ComPtr<IDXGIFactory1>,
+    adapter: ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1>,
+    /// Index of the CURRENT adapter.
+    nadapter: UINT,
+    /// Index of the NEXT display to fetch.
+    ndisplay: UINT,
+}
+
+impl Displays {
+    pub fn new() -> io::Result<Displays> {
+        let mut factory = ptr::null_mut();
+        wrap_hresult(unsafe { CreateDXGIFactory1(&IID_IDXGIFactory1, &mut factory) })?;
+
+        let factory = factory as *mut IDXGIFactory1;
+        let mut adapter = ptr::null_mut();
+        unsafe {
+            // On error, our adapter is null, so it's fine.
+            (*factory).EnumAdapters1(0, &mut adapter);
+        };
+
+        Ok(Displays {
+            factory: ComPtr(factory),
+            adapter: ComPtr(adapter),
+            nadapter: 0,
+            ndisplay: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_from_gdi() -> Vec<Display> {
+        let mut all = Vec::new();
+        let mut i: DWORD = 0;
+        loop {
+            #[allow(invalid_value)]
+            let mut d: DISPLAY_DEVICEW = unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+            d.cb = std::mem::size_of::<DISPLAY_DEVICEW>() as _;
+            let ok = unsafe { EnumDisplayDevicesW(std::ptr::null(), i, &mut d as _, 0) };
+            if ok == FALSE {
+                break;
+            }
+            i += 1;
+            if 0 == (d.StateFlags & DISPLAY_DEVICE_ACTIVE)
+                || (d.StateFlags & DISPLAY_DEVICE_MIRRORING_DRIVER) > 0
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // let is_primary = (d.StateFlags & DISPLAY_DEVICE_PRIMARY_DEVICE) > 0;
+            let mut disp = Display {
+                inner: ComPtr(std::ptr::null_mut()),
+                adapter: ComPtr(std::ptr::null_mut()),
+                desc: unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() },
+                gdi: true,
+            };
+            disp.desc.DeviceName = d.DeviceName;
+            #[allow(invalid_value)]
+            let mut m: DEVMODEW = unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+            m.dmSize = std::mem::size_of::<DEVMODEW>() as _;
+            m.dmDriverExtra = 0;
+            let ok = unsafe {
+                EnumDisplaySettingsExW(
+                    disp.desc.DeviceName.as_ptr(),
+                    ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,
+                    &mut m as _,
+                    0,
+                )
+            };
+            if ok == FALSE {
+                continue;
+            }
+            disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.left = unsafe { m.u1.s2().dmPosition.x };
+            disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.top = unsafe { m.u1.s2().dmPosition.y };
+            disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.right =
+                disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.left + m.dmPelsWidth as i32;
+            disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.bottom =
+                disp.desc.DesktopCoordinates.top + m.dmPelsHeight as i32;
+            disp.desc.AttachedToDesktop = 1;
+            all.push(disp);
+        }
+        all
+    }
+
+    // No Adapter => Some(None)
+    // Non-Empty Adapter => Some(Some(OUTPUT))
+    // End of Adapter => None
+    fn read_and_invalidate(&mut self) -> Option<Option<Display>> {
+        // If there is no adapter, there is nothing left for us to do.
+
+        if self.adapter.is_null() {
+            return Some(None);
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, we get the next output of the current adapter.
+
+        let output = unsafe {
+            let mut output = ptr::null_mut();
+            (*self.adapter.0).EnumOutputs(self.ndisplay, &mut output);
+            ComPtr(output)
+        };
+
+        // If the current adapter is done, we free it.
+        // We return None so the caller gets the next adapter and tries again.
+
+        if output.is_null() {
+            self.adapter = ComPtr(ptr::null_mut());
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // Advance to the next display.
+
+        self.ndisplay += 1;
+
+        // We get the display's details.
+
+        let desc = unsafe {
+            #[allow(invalid_value)]
+            let mut desc = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+            (*output.0).GetDesc(&mut desc);
+            desc
+        };
+
+        // We cast it up to the version needed for desktop duplication.
+
+        let mut inner: *mut IDXGIOutput1 = ptr::null_mut();
+        unsafe {
+            (*output.0).QueryInterface(&IID_IDXGIOutput1, &mut inner as *mut *mut _ as *mut *mut _);
+        }
+
+        // If it's null, we have an error.
+        // So we act like the adapter is done.
+
+        if inner.is_null() {
+            self.adapter = ComPtr(ptr::null_mut());
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        unsafe {
+            (*self.adapter.0).AddRef();
+        }
+
+        Some(Some(Display {
+            inner: ComPtr(inner),
+            adapter: ComPtr(self.adapter.0),
+            desc,
+            gdi: false,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for Displays {
+    type Item = Display;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Display> {
+        if let Some(res) = self.read_and_invalidate() {
+            res
+        } else {
+            // We need to replace the adapter.
+
+            self.ndisplay = 0;
+            self.nadapter += 1;
+
+            self.adapter = unsafe {
+                let mut adapter = ptr::null_mut();
+                (*self.factory.0).EnumAdapters1(self.nadapter, &mut adapter);
+                ComPtr(adapter)
+            };
+
+            if let Some(res) = self.read_and_invalidate() {
+                res
+            } else {
+                // All subsequent adapters will also be empty.
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Display {
+    inner: ComPtr<IDXGIOutput1>,
+    adapter: ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1>,
+    desc: DXGI_OUTPUT_DESC,
+    gdi: bool,
+}
+
+// optimized for updated region
+// https://github.com/dchapyshev/aspia/blob/master/source/base/desktop/win/dxgi_output_duplicator.cc
+// rotation
+// https://github.com/bryal/dxgcap-rs/blob/master/src/lib.rs
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn width(&self) -> LONG {
+        self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.right - self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.left
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> LONG {
+        self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.bottom - self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.top
+    }
+
+    pub fn attached_to_desktop(&self) -> bool {
+        self.desc.AttachedToDesktop != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn rotation(&self) -> DXGI_MODE_ROTATION {
+        self.desc.Rotation
+    }
+
+    fn create_gdi(&self) -> Option<CapturerGDI> {
+        if let Ok(res) = CapturerGDI::new(self.name(), self.width(), self.height()) {
+            Some(res)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR {
+        self.desc.Monitor
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &[u16] {
+        let s = &self.desc.DeviceName;
+        let i = s.iter().position(|&x| x == 0).unwrap_or(s.len());
+        &s[..i]
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
+        self.desc.AttachedToDesktop != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> (LONG, LONG) {
+        (
+            self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.left,
+            self.desc.DesktopCoordinates.top,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
+    pub fn adapter_luid(&self) -> Option<i64> {
+        unsafe {
+            if !self.adapter.is_null() {
+                #[allow(invalid_value)]
+                let mut adapter_desc1 = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+                if wrap_hresult((*self.adapter.0).GetDesc1(&mut adapter_desc1)).is_ok() {
+                    let luid = ((adapter_desc1.AdapterLuid.HighPart as i64) << 32)
+                        | adapter_desc1.AdapterLuid.LowPart as i64;
+                    return Some(luid);
+                }
+            }
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn wrap_hresult(x: HRESULT) -> io::Result<()> {
+    use std::io::ErrorKind::*;
+    Err((match x {
+        S_OK => return Ok(()),
+        DXGI_ERROR_ACCESS_LOST => ConnectionReset,
+        DXGI_ERROR_WAIT_TIMEOUT => TimedOut,
+        DXGI_ERROR_INVALID_CALL => InvalidData,
+        E_ACCESSDENIED => PermissionDenied,
+        DXGI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED => ConnectionRefused,
+        DXGI_ERROR_NOT_CURRENTLY_AVAILABLE => Interrupted,
+        DXGI_ERROR_SESSION_DISCONNECTED => ConnectionAborted,
+        E_INVALIDARG => InvalidInput,
+        _ => {
+            // 0x8000ffff https://www.auslogics.com/en/articles/windows-10-update-error-0x8000ffff-fixed/
+            return Err(io::Error::new(Other, format!("Error code: {:#X}", x)));
+        }
+    })
+    .into())
+}
+
+struct Rotate {
+    video_context: ComPtr<ID3D11VideoContext>,
+    video_device: ComPtr<ID3D11VideoDevice>,
+    video_processor_enum: ComPtr<ID3D11VideoProcessorEnumerator>,
+    video_processor: ComPtr<ID3D11VideoProcessor>,
+    texture: (ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D>, bool),
+}

libs/scrap/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#[cfg(quartz)]
+extern crate block;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate cfg_if;
+pub use hbb_common::libc;
+#[cfg(dxgi)]
+extern crate winapi;
+
+pub use common::*;
+
+#[cfg(quartz)]
+pub mod quartz;
+
+#[cfg(x11)]
+pub mod x11;
+
+#[cfg(all(x11, feature = "wayland"))]
+pub mod wayland;
+
+#[cfg(dxgi)]
+pub mod dxgi;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub mod android;
+
+mod common;

libs/scrap/src/quartz/capturer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+use std::ptr;
+
+use block::{Block, ConcreteBlock};
+use hbb_common::libc::c_void;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use super::config::Config;
+use super::display::Display;
+use super::ffi::*;
+use super::frame::Frame;
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    stream: CGDisplayStreamRef,
+    queue: DispatchQueue,
+
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    format: PixelFormat,
+    display: Display,
+    stopped: Arc<Mutex<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new<F: Fn(Frame) + 'static>(
+        display: Display,
+        width: usize,
+        height: usize,
+        format: PixelFormat,
+        config: Config,
+        handler: F,
+    ) -> Result<Capturer, CGError> {
+        let stopped = Arc::new(Mutex::new(false));
+        let cloned_stopped = stopped.clone();
+        let handler: FrameAvailableHandler = ConcreteBlock::new(move |status, _, surface, _| {
+            use self::CGDisplayStreamFrameStatus::*;
+            if status == Stopped {
+                let mut lock = cloned_stopped.lock().unwrap();
+                *lock = true;
+                return;
+            }
+            if status == FrameComplete {
+                handler(unsafe { Frame::new(surface) });
+            }
+        })
+        .copy();
+
+        let queue = unsafe {
+            dispatch_queue_create(
+                b"quadrupleslap.scrap\0".as_ptr() as *const i8,
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+            )
+        };
+
+        let stream = unsafe {
+            let config = config.build();
+            let stream = CGDisplayStreamCreateWithDispatchQueue(
+                display.id(),
+                width,
+                height,
+                format,
+                config,
+                queue,
+                &*handler as *const Block<_, _> as *const c_void,
+            );
+            CFRelease(config);
+            stream
+        };
+
+        match unsafe { CGDisplayStreamStart(stream) } {
+            CGError::Success => Ok(Capturer {
+                stream,
+                queue,
+                width,
+                height,
+                format,
+                display,
+                stopped,
+            }),
+            x => Err(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+    pub fn format(&self) -> PixelFormat {
+        self.format
+    }
+    pub fn display(&self) -> Display {
+        self.display
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Capturer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _ = CGDisplayStreamStop(self.stream);
+            loop {
+                if *self.stopped.lock().unwrap() {
+                    break;
+                }
+                std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(30));
+            }
+            CFRelease(self.stream);
+            dispatch_release(self.queue);
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/quartz/config.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use std::ptr;
+
+use hbb_common::libc::c_void;
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+
+//TODO: Color space, YCbCr matrix.
+pub struct Config {
+    /// Whether the cursor is visible.
+    pub cursor: bool,
+    /// Whether it should letterbox or stretch.
+    pub letterbox: bool,
+    /// Minimum seconds per frame.
+    pub throttle: f64,
+    /// How many frames are allocated.
+    /// 3 is the recommended value.
+    /// 8 is the maximum value.
+    pub queue_length: i8,
+}
+
+impl Config {
+    /// Don't forget to CFRelease this!
+    pub fn build(self) -> CFDictionaryRef {
+        unsafe {
+            let throttle = CFNumberCreate(
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                CFNumberType::Float64,
+                &self.throttle as *const _ as *const c_void,
+            );
+            let queue_length = CFNumberCreate(
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                CFNumberType::SInt8,
+                &self.queue_length as *const _ as *const c_void,
+            );
+
+            let keys: [CFStringRef; 4] = [
+                kCGDisplayStreamShowCursor,
+                kCGDisplayStreamPreserveAspectRatio,
+                kCGDisplayStreamMinimumFrameTime,
+                kCGDisplayStreamQueueDepth,
+            ];
+            let values: [*mut c_void; 4] = [
+                cfbool(self.cursor),
+                cfbool(self.letterbox),
+                throttle,
+                queue_length,
+            ];
+
+            let res = CFDictionaryCreate(
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                keys.as_ptr(),
+                values.as_ptr(),
+                4,
+                &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+                &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+            );
+
+            CFRelease(throttle);
+            CFRelease(queue_length);
+
+            res
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Config {
+    fn default() -> Config {
+        Config {
+            cursor: false,
+            letterbox: true,
+            throttle: 0.0,
+            queue_length: 3,
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/quartz/display.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use std::mem;
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct Display(u32);
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn primary() -> Display {
+        Display(unsafe { CGMainDisplayID() })
+    }
+
+    pub fn online() -> Result<Vec<Display>, CGError> {
+        unsafe {
+            #[allow(invalid_value)]
+            let mut arr: [u32; 16] = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
+            let mut len: u32 = 0;
+
+            match CGGetOnlineDisplayList(16, arr.as_mut_ptr(), &mut len) {
+                CGError::Success => (),
+                x => return Err(x),
+            }
+
+            let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(16);
+            for i in 0..len as usize {
+                res.push(Display(*arr.get_unchecked(i)));
+            }
+            Ok(res)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(self) -> usize {
+        let w = unsafe { CGDisplayPixelsWide(self.0) };
+        let s = self.scale();
+        if s > 1.0 {
+            ((w as f64) * s).round() as usize
+        } else {
+            w
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(self) -> usize {
+        let h = unsafe { CGDisplayPixelsHigh(self.0) };
+        let s = self.scale();
+        if s > 1.0 {
+            ((h as f64) * s).round() as usize
+        } else {
+            h
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_builtin(self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { CGDisplayIsBuiltin(self.0) != 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_primary(self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { CGDisplayIsMain(self.0) != 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_active(self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { CGDisplayIsActive(self.0) != 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_online(self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { CGDisplayIsOnline(self.0) != 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn scale(self) -> f64 {
+        let s = unsafe { BackingScaleFactor(self.0) as _ };
+        if s > 1. {
+            let enable_retina = super::ENABLE_RETINA.lock().unwrap().clone();
+            if enable_retina {
+                return s;
+            }
+        }
+        1.
+    }
+
+    pub fn bounds(self) -> CGRect {
+        unsafe { CGDisplayBounds(self.0) }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/quartz/ffi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use block::RcBlock;
+use hbb_common::libc::c_void;
+
+pub type CGDisplayStreamRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type CFDictionaryRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type CFBooleanRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type CFNumberRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type CFStringRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type CGDisplayStreamUpdateRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type IOSurfaceRef = *mut c_void;
+pub type DispatchQueue = *mut c_void;
+pub type DispatchQueueAttr = *mut c_void;
+pub type CFAllocatorRef = *mut c_void;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks {
+    callbacks: [usize; 5],
+    version: i32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CFDictionaryValueCallBacks {
+    callbacks: [usize; 4],
+    version: i32,
+}
+
+macro_rules! pixel_format {
+    ($a:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr, $d:expr) => {
+        ($a as i32) << 24 | ($b as i32) << 16 | ($c as i32) << 8 | ($d as i32)
+    };
+}
+
+pub const SURFACE_LOCK_READ_ONLY: u32 = 0x0000_0001;
+pub const SURFACE_LOCK_AVOID_SYNC: u32 = 0x0000_0002;
+
+pub fn cfbool(x: bool) -> CFBooleanRef {
+    unsafe {
+        if x {
+            kCFBooleanTrue
+        } else {
+            kCFBooleanFalse
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(i32)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum CGDisplayStreamFrameStatus {
+    /// A new frame was generated.
+    FrameComplete = 0,
+    /// A new frame was not generated because the display did not change.
+    FrameIdle = 1,
+    /// A new frame was not generated because the display has gone blank.
+    FrameBlank = 2,
+    /// The display stream was stopped.
+    Stopped = 3,
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    __Nonexhaustive,
+}
+
+#[repr(i32)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum CFNumberType {
+    /* Fixed-width types */
+    SInt8 = 1,
+    SInt16 = 2,
+    SInt32 = 3,
+    SInt64 = 4,
+    Float32 = 5,
+    Float64 = 6,
+    /* 64-bit IEEE 754 */
+    /* Basic C types */
+    Char = 7,
+    Short = 8,
+    Int = 9,
+    Long = 10,
+    LongLong = 11,
+    Float = 12,
+    Double = 13,
+    /* Other */
+    CFIndex = 14,
+    NSInteger = 15,
+    CGFloat = 16,
+}
+
+#[repr(i32)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[must_use]
+pub enum CGError {
+    Success = 0,
+    Failure = 1000,
+    IllegalArgument = 1001,
+    InvalidConnection = 1002,
+    InvalidContext = 1003,
+    CannotComplete = 1004,
+    NotImplemented = 1006,
+    RangeCheck = 1007,
+    TypeCheck = 1008,
+    InvalidOperation = 1010,
+    NoneAvailable = 1011,
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    __Nonexhaustive,
+}
+
+#[repr(i32)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum PixelFormat {
+    /// Packed Little Endian ARGB8888
+    Argb8888 = pixel_format!('B', 'G', 'R', 'A'),
+    /// Packed Little Endian ARGB2101010
+    Argb2101010 = pixel_format!('l', '1', '0', 'r'),
+    /// 2-plane "video" range YCbCr 4:2:0
+    YCbCr420Video = pixel_format!('4', '2', '0', 'v'),
+    /// 2-plane "full" range YCbCr 4:2:0
+    YCbCr420Full = pixel_format!('4', '2', '0', 'f'),
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    __Nonexhaustive,
+}
+
+pub type CGDisplayStreamFrameAvailableHandler = *const c_void;
+
+pub type FrameAvailableHandler = RcBlock<
+    (
+        CGDisplayStreamFrameStatus, // status
+        u64,                        // displayTime
+        IOSurfaceRef,               // frameSurface
+        CGDisplayStreamUpdateRef,   // updateRef
+    ),
+    (),
+>;
+
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+pub type CGFloat = f64;
+#[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+pub type CGFloat = f32;
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CGPoint {
+    pub x: CGFloat,
+    pub y: CGFloat,
+}
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CGSize {
+    pub width: CGFloat,
+    pub height: CGFloat,
+}
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CGRect {
+    pub origin: CGPoint,
+    pub size: CGSize,
+}
+
+#[link(name = "System", kind = "dylib")]
+#[link(name = "CoreGraphics", kind = "framework")]
+#[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
+#[link(name = "IOSurface", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    // CoreGraphics
+
+    pub static kCGDisplayStreamShowCursor: CFStringRef;
+    pub static kCGDisplayStreamPreserveAspectRatio: CFStringRef;
+    pub static kCGDisplayStreamMinimumFrameTime: CFStringRef;
+    pub static kCGDisplayStreamQueueDepth: CFStringRef;
+
+    pub fn CGDisplayStreamCreateWithDispatchQueue(
+        display: u32,
+        output_width: usize,
+        output_height: usize,
+        pixel_format: PixelFormat,
+        properties: CFDictionaryRef,
+        queue: DispatchQueue,
+        handler: CGDisplayStreamFrameAvailableHandler,
+    ) -> CGDisplayStreamRef;
+
+    pub fn CGDisplayStreamStart(displayStream: CGDisplayStreamRef) -> CGError;
+
+    pub fn CGDisplayStreamStop(displayStream: CGDisplayStreamRef) -> CGError;
+
+    pub fn CGMainDisplayID() -> u32;
+    pub fn CGDisplayPixelsWide(display: u32) -> usize;
+    pub fn CGDisplayPixelsHigh(display: u32) -> usize;
+
+    pub fn CGGetOnlineDisplayList(
+        max_displays: u32,
+        online_displays: *mut u32,
+        display_count: *mut u32,
+    ) -> CGError;
+
+    pub fn CGDisplayIsBuiltin(display: u32) -> i32;
+    pub fn CGDisplayIsMain(display: u32) -> i32;
+    pub fn CGDisplayIsActive(display: u32) -> i32;
+    pub fn CGDisplayIsOnline(display: u32) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn CGDisplayBounds(display: u32) -> CGRect;
+    pub fn BackingScaleFactor(display: u32) -> f32;
+
+    // IOSurface
+
+    pub fn IOSurfaceGetAllocSize(buffer: IOSurfaceRef) -> usize;
+    pub fn IOSurfaceGetBaseAddress(buffer: IOSurfaceRef) -> *mut c_void;
+    pub fn IOSurfaceIncrementUseCount(buffer: IOSurfaceRef);
+    pub fn IOSurfaceDecrementUseCount(buffer: IOSurfaceRef);
+    pub fn IOSurfaceLock(buffer: IOSurfaceRef, options: u32, seed: *mut u32) -> i32;
+    pub fn IOSurfaceUnlock(buffer: IOSurfaceRef, options: u32, seed: *mut u32) -> i32;
+    pub fn IOSurfaceGetBaseAddressOfPlane(buffer: IOSurfaceRef, index: usize) -> *mut c_void;
+    pub fn IOSurfaceGetBytesPerRowOfPlane(buffer: IOSurfaceRef, index: usize) -> usize;
+
+    // Dispatch
+
+    pub fn dispatch_queue_create(label: *const i8, attr: DispatchQueueAttr) -> DispatchQueue;
+
+    pub fn dispatch_release(object: DispatchQueue);
+
+    // Core Foundation
+
+    pub static kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks: CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks;
+    pub static kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks: CFDictionaryValueCallBacks;
+
+    // EVEN THE BOOLEANS ARE REFERENCES.
+    pub static kCFBooleanTrue: CFBooleanRef;
+    pub static kCFBooleanFalse: CFBooleanRef;
+
+    pub fn CFNumberCreate(
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        theType: CFNumberType,
+        valuePtr: *const c_void,
+    ) -> CFNumberRef;
+
+    pub fn CFDictionaryCreate(
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        keys: *const *mut c_void,
+        values: *const *mut c_void,
+        numValues: i64,
+        keyCallBacks: *const CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        valueCallBacks: *const CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    ) -> CFDictionaryRef;
+
+    pub fn CFRetain(cf: *const c_void);
+    pub fn CFRelease(cf: *const c_void);
+}

libs/scrap/src/quartz/frame.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+use std::{ops, ptr, slice};
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+
+pub struct Frame {
+    surface: IOSurfaceRef,
+    inner: &'static [u8],
+    bgra: Vec<u8>,
+    bgra_stride: usize,
+}
+
+impl Frame {
+    pub unsafe fn new(surface: IOSurfaceRef) -> Frame {
+        CFRetain(surface);
+        IOSurfaceIncrementUseCount(surface);
+
+        IOSurfaceLock(surface, SURFACE_LOCK_READ_ONLY, ptr::null_mut());
+
+        let inner = slice::from_raw_parts(
+            IOSurfaceGetBaseAddress(surface) as *const u8,
+            IOSurfaceGetAllocSize(surface),
+        );
+
+        Frame {
+            surface,
+            inner,
+            bgra: Vec::new(),
+            bgra_stride: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.inner
+    }
+
+    pub fn stride(&self) -> usize {
+        self.bgra_stride
+    }
+
+    pub fn surface_to_bgra<'a>(&'a mut self, h: usize) {
+        unsafe {
+            let plane0 = IOSurfaceGetBaseAddressOfPlane(self.surface, 0);
+            self.bgra_stride = IOSurfaceGetBytesPerRowOfPlane(self.surface, 0);
+            self.bgra.resize(self.bgra_stride * h, 0);
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                plane0 as _,
+                self.bgra.as_mut_ptr(),
+                self.bgra_stride * h,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for Frame {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        &self.bgra
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Frame {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            IOSurfaceUnlock(self.surface, SURFACE_LOCK_READ_ONLY, ptr::null_mut());
+
+            IOSurfaceDecrementUseCount(self.surface);
+            CFRelease(self.surface);
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/quartz/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+pub use self::capturer::Capturer;
+pub use self::config::Config;
+pub use self::display::Display;
+pub use self::ffi::{CGError, PixelFormat};
+pub use self::frame::Frame;
+
+mod capturer;
+mod config;
+mod display;
+pub mod ffi;
+mod frame;
+
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref ENABLE_RETINA: Arc<Mutex<bool>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(true));
+}

libs/scrap/src/wayland.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pub mod capturable;
+pub mod pipewire;
+pub mod display;
+mod screencast_portal;
+mod request_portal;
+pub mod remote_desktop_portal;

libs/scrap/src/wayland/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# About
+
+Derived from https://github.com/H-M-H/Weylus/tree/master/src/capturable with the author's consent, https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/issues/56#issuecomment-882727967 
+
+# Dep
+
+Works fine on Ubuntu 21.04 with pipewire 3 and xdg-desktop-portal 1.8
+
+`
+apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
+`

libs/scrap/src/wayland/capturable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use std::boxed::Box;
+use std::error::Error;
+
+pub enum PixelProvider<'a> {
+    // 8 bits per color
+    RGB(usize, usize, &'a [u8]),
+    RGB0(usize, usize, &'a [u8]),
+    BGR0(usize, usize, &'a [u8]),
+    // width, height, stride
+    BGR0S(usize, usize, usize, &'a [u8]),
+    NONE,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PixelProvider<'a> {
+    pub fn size(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        match self {
+            PixelProvider::RGB(w, h, _) => (*w, *h),
+            PixelProvider::RGB0(w, h, _) => (*w, *h),
+            PixelProvider::BGR0(w, h, _) => (*w, *h),
+            PixelProvider::BGR0S(w, h, _, _) => (*w, *h),
+            PixelProvider::NONE => (0, 0),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Recorder {
+    fn capture(&mut self, timeout_ms: u64) -> Result<PixelProvider<'_>, Box<dyn Error>>;
+}
+
+pub trait BoxCloneCapturable {
+    fn box_clone(&self) -> Box<dyn Capturable>;
+}
+
+impl<T> BoxCloneCapturable for T
+where
+    T: Clone + Capturable + 'static,
+{
+    fn box_clone(&self) -> Box<dyn Capturable> {
+        Box::new(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Capturable: Send + BoxCloneCapturable {
+    /// Name of the Capturable, for example the window title, if it is a window.
+    fn name(&self) -> String;
+    /// Return x, y, width, height of the Capturable as floats relative to the absolute size of the
+    /// screen. For example x=0.5, y=0.0, width=0.5, height=1.0 means the right half of the screen.
+    fn geometry_relative(&self) -> Result<(f64, f64, f64, f64), Box<dyn Error>>;
+    /// Callback that is called right before input is simulated.
+    /// Useful to focus the window on input.
+    fn before_input(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>;
+    /// Return a Recorder that can record the current capturable.
+    fn recorder(&self, capture_cursor: bool) -> Result<Box<dyn Recorder>, Box<dyn Error>>;
+}
+
+impl Clone for Box<dyn Capturable> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        self.box_clone()
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/wayland/display.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+use hbb_common::regex::Regex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::{
+    process::{Command, Output, Stdio},
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+use tracing::warn;
+
+use hbb_common::platform::linux::{get_wayland_displays, WaylandDisplayInfo};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref DISPLAYS: Mutex<Option<Arc<Displays>>> = Mutex::new(None);
+}
+
+const COMMAND_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1000);
+
+pub struct Displays {
+    pub primary: usize,
+    pub displays: Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo>,
+}
+
+// We need this helper to run commands with a timeout, as some commands may hang.
+// `kscreen-doctor -o` is known to hang when:
+// 1. On Archlinux, Both GNOME and KDE Plasma are installed.
+// 2. Run this command in a GNOME session.
+fn run_with_timeout(
+    program: &str,
+    args: &[&str],
+    timeout: Duration,
+    label: &str,
+) -> Option<Output> {
+    let mut child = Command::new(program)
+        .args(args)
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .ok()?;
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        if let Ok(Some(_)) = child.try_wait() {
+            break;
+        }
+        if start.elapsed() >= timeout {
+            warn!("{} command timed out after {:?}", label, timeout);
+            if let Err(e) = child.kill() {
+                warn!("Failed to kill child process for '{}': {}", label, e);
+            }
+            if let Err(e) = child.wait() {
+                warn!("Failed to wait for child process for '{}': {}", label, e);
+            }
+            return None;
+        }
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(30));
+    }
+
+    match child.wait_with_output() {
+        Ok(output) => {
+            if !output.status.success() {
+                warn!("{} command failed with status: {}", label, output.status);
+                return None;
+            }
+            Some(output)
+        }
+        Err(_) => None,
+    }
+}
+
+// There are some limitations with xrandr method:
+// 1. It only works when XWayland is running.
+// 2. The distro may not have xrandr installed by default.
+// 3. xrandr may not report "primary" in its output. eg. openSUSE Leap 15.6 KDE Plasma.
+fn try_xrandr_primary() -> Option<String> {
+    let output = Command::new("xrandr").output().ok()?;
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+    for line in text.lines() {
+        if line.contains("primary") && line.contains("connected") {
+            if let Some(name) = line.split_whitespace().next() {
+                return Some(name.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn try_kscreen_primary() -> Option<String> {
+    if !hbb_common::platform::linux::is_kde_session() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let output = run_with_timeout(
+        "kscreen-doctor",
+        &["-o"],
+        COMMAND_TIMEOUT,
+        "kscreen-doctor -o",
+    )?;
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+
+    // Remove ANSI color codes
+    let re_ansi = Regex::new(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*m").ok()?;
+    let clean_text = re_ansi.replace_all(&text, "");
+
+    // Split the text into blocks, each starting with "Output:".
+    // The first element of the split will be empty, so we skip it.
+    for block in clean_text.split("Output:").skip(1) {
+        // Check if this block describes the primary monitor.
+        if block.contains("priority 1") {
+            // The monitor name is the second piece of text in the block, after the ID.
+            // e.g., " 1 eDP-1 enabled..." -> "eDP-1"
+            if let Some(name) = block.split_whitespace().nth(1) {
+                return Some(name.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+fn try_gdbus_primary() -> Option<String> {
+    let output = run_with_timeout(
+        "gdbus",
+        &[
+            "call",
+            "--session",
+            "--dest",
+            "org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig",
+            "--object-path",
+            "/org/gnome/Mutter/DisplayConfig",
+            "--method",
+            "org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig.GetCurrentState",
+        ],
+        COMMAND_TIMEOUT,
+        "gdbus DisplayConfig.GetCurrentState",
+    )?;
+
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+
+    // Match logical monitor entries with primary=true
+    // Pattern: (x, y, scale, transform, true, [('connector-name', ...), ...], ...)
+    // Use regex to find entries where 5th field is true, then extract connector name
+    // Example matched text: "(0, 0, 1.5, 0, true, [('HDMI-1', 'MHH', 'Monitor', '0x00000000')], ...)"
+    let re = Regex::new(r"\([^()]*,\s*true,\s*\[\('([^']+)'").ok()?;
+
+    if let Some(captures) = re.captures(&text) {
+        return captures.get(1).map(|m| m.as_str().to_string());
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+fn get_primary_monitor() -> Option<String> {
+    try_xrandr_primary()
+        .or_else(try_kscreen_primary)
+        .or_else(try_gdbus_primary)
+}
+
+pub fn get_displays() -> Arc<Displays> {
+    let mut lock = DISPLAYS.lock().unwrap();
+    match lock.as_ref() {
+        Some(displays) => displays.clone(),
+        None => match get_wayland_displays() {
+            Ok(displays) => {
+                let mut primary_index = None;
+                if let Some(name) = get_primary_monitor() {
+                    for (i, display) in displays.iter().enumerate() {
+                        if display.name == name {
+                            primary_index = Some(i);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                if primary_index.is_none() {
+                    for (i, display) in displays.iter().enumerate() {
+                        if display.x == 0 && display.y == 0 {
+                            primary_index = Some(i);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                let displays = Arc::new(Displays {
+                    primary: primary_index.unwrap_or(0),
+                    displays,
+                });
+                *lock = Some(displays.clone());
+                displays
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                warn!("Failed to get wayland displays: {}", err);
+                Arc::new(Displays {
+                    primary: 0,
+                    displays: Vec::new(),
+                })
+            }
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn clear_wayland_displays_cache() {
+    let _ = DISPLAYS.lock().unwrap().take();
+}
+
+// Return (min_x, max_x, min_y, max_y)
+pub fn get_desktop_rect_for_uinput() -> Option<(i32, i32, i32, i32)> {
+    let wayland_displays = get_displays();
+    let displays = &wayland_displays.displays;
+    if displays.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // For compatibility, if only one display, we use the physical size for `uinput`.
+    // Otherwise, we use the logical size for `uinput`.
+    if displays.len() == 1 {
+        let d = &displays[0];
+        return Some((d.x, d.x + d.width, d.y, d.y + d.height));
+    }
+
+    let mut min_x = i32::MAX;
+    let mut min_y = i32::MAX;
+    let mut max_x = i32::MIN;
+    let mut max_y = i32::MIN;
+    for d in displays.iter() {
+        min_x = min_x.min(d.x);
+        min_y = min_y.min(d.y);
+        let size = if let Some(logical_size) = d.logical_size {
+            logical_size
+        } else {
+            // When `logical_size` is None, we cannot obtain the correct desktop rectangle.
+            // This may occur if the Wayland compositor does not provide logical size information,
+            // or if display information is incomplete. We fall back to physical size, which provides
+            // usable dimensions, but may not always be correct depending on compositor behavior.
+            warn!(
+                    "Display at ({}, {}) is missing logical_size; falling back to physical size ({}, {}).",
+                    d.x, d.y, d.width, d.height
+                );
+            (d.width, d.height)
+        };
+        max_x = max_x.max(d.x + size.0);
+        max_y = max_y.max(d.y + size.1);
+    }
+    Some((min_x, max_x, min_y, max_y))
+}

libs/scrap/src/wayland/remote_desktop_portal.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// This code was autogenerated with `dbus-codegen-rust -c blocking -m None`, see https://github.com/diwic/dbus-rs
+// https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/blob/main/data/org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop.xml
+use dbus;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use dbus::arg;
+use dbus::blocking;
+
+pub trait OrgFreedesktopPortalRemoteDesktop {
+    fn create_session(&self, options: arg::PropMap) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn select_devices(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn start(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        parent_window: &str,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_pointer_motion(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        dx: f64,
+        dy: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_pointer_motion_absolute(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_pointer_button(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        button: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_pointer_axis(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        dx: f64,
+        dy: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_pointer_axis_discrete(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        axis: u32,
+        steps: i32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_keyboard_keycode(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        keycode: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_keyboard_keysym(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        keysym: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_touch_down(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        slot: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_touch_motion(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        slot: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn notify_touch_up(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        slot: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+    fn connect_to_eis(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<arg::OwnedFd, dbus::Error>;
+    fn available_device_types(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error>;
+    fn version(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: blocking::BlockingSender, C: ::std::ops::Deref<Target = T>>
+    OrgFreedesktopPortalRemoteDesktop for blocking::Proxy<'a, C>
+{
+    fn create_session(&self, options: arg::PropMap) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "CreateSession",
+            (options,),
+        )
+        .and_then(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| Ok(r.0))
+    }
+
+    fn select_devices(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "SelectDevices",
+            (session_handle, options),
+        )
+        .and_then(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| Ok(r.0))
+    }
+
+    fn start(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        parent_window: &str,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "Start",
+            (session_handle, parent_window, options),
+        )
+        .and_then(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| Ok(r.0))
+    }
+
+    fn notify_pointer_motion(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        dx: f64,
+        dy: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyPointerMotion",
+            (session_handle, options, dx, dy),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_pointer_motion_absolute(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyPointerMotionAbsolute",
+            (session_handle, options, stream, x_, y_),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_pointer_button(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        button: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyPointerButton",
+            (session_handle, options, button, state),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_pointer_axis(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        dx: f64,
+        dy: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyPointerAxis",
+            (session_handle, options, dx, dy),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_pointer_axis_discrete(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        axis: u32,
+        steps: i32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyPointerAxisDiscrete",
+            (session_handle, options, axis, steps),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_keyboard_keycode(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        keycode: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyKeyboardKeycode",
+            (session_handle, options, keycode, state),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_keyboard_keysym(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        keysym: i32,
+        state: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyKeyboardKeysym",
+            (session_handle, options, keysym, state),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_touch_down(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        slot: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyTouchDown",
+            (session_handle, options, stream, slot, x_, y_),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_touch_motion(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        stream: u32,
+        slot: u32,
+        x_: f64,
+        y_: f64,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyTouchMotion",
+            (session_handle, options, stream, slot, x_, y_),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn notify_touch_up(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+        slot: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "NotifyTouchUp",
+            (session_handle, options, slot),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn connect_to_eis(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: &dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<arg::OwnedFd, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "ConnectToEIS",
+            (session_handle, options),
+        )
+        .and_then(|r: (arg::OwnedFd,)| Ok(r.0))
+    }
+
+    fn available_device_types(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error> {
+        <Self as blocking::stdintf::org_freedesktop_dbus::Properties>::get(
+            &self,
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "AvailableDeviceTypes",
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn version(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error> {
+        <Self as blocking::stdintf::org_freedesktop_dbus::Properties>::get(
+            &self,
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop",
+            "version",
+        )
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/wayland/request_portal.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// This code was autogenerated with `dbus-codegen-rust -c blocking -m None`, see https://github.com/diwic/dbus-rs
+// https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/blob/main/data/org.freedesktop.portal.Request.xml
+use dbus;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use dbus::arg;
+use dbus::blocking;
+
+pub trait OrgFreedesktopPortalRequest {
+  fn close(&self) -> Result<(), dbus::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: blocking::BlockingSender, C: ::std::ops::Deref<Target = T>> OrgFreedesktopPortalRequest
+  for blocking::Proxy<'a, C>
+{
+  fn close(&self) -> Result<(), dbus::Error> {
+      self.method_call("org.freedesktop.portal.Request", "Close", ())
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse {
+  pub response: u32,
+  pub results: arg::PropMap,
+}
+
+impl arg::AppendAll for OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse {
+  fn append(&self, i: &mut arg::IterAppend) {
+      arg::RefArg::append(&self.response, i);
+      arg::RefArg::append(&self.results, i);
+  }
+}
+
+impl arg::ReadAll for OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse {
+  fn read(i: &mut arg::Iter) -> Result<Self, arg::TypeMismatchError> {
+      Ok(OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse {
+          response: i.read()?,
+          results: i.read()?,
+      })
+  }
+}
+
+impl dbus::message::SignalArgs for OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse {
+  const NAME: &'static str = "Response";
+  const INTERFACE: &'static str = "org.freedesktop.portal.Request";
+}

libs/scrap/src/wayland/screencast_portal.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// This code was autogenerated with `dbus-codegen-rust -c blocking -m None`, see https://github.com/diwic/dbus-rs
+// https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/blob/main/data/org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast.xml
+use dbus;
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use dbus::arg;
+use dbus::blocking;
+
+pub trait OrgFreedesktopPortalScreenCast {
+    fn create_session(&self, options: arg::PropMap) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn select_sources(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn start(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        parent_window: &str,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error>;
+    fn open_pipe_wire_remote(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<arg::OwnedFd, dbus::Error>;
+    fn available_source_types(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error>;
+    fn available_cursor_modes(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error>;
+    fn version(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: blocking::BlockingSender, C: ::std::ops::Deref<Target = T>>
+    OrgFreedesktopPortalScreenCast for blocking::Proxy<'a, C>
+{
+    fn create_session(&self, options: arg::PropMap) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "CreateSession",
+            (options,),
+        )
+        .map(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| r.0)
+    }
+
+    fn select_sources(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "SelectSources",
+            (session_handle, options),
+        )
+        .map(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| r.0)
+    }
+
+    fn start(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        parent_window: &str,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<dbus::Path<'static>, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "Start",
+            (session_handle, parent_window, options),
+        )
+        .map(|r: (dbus::Path<'static>,)| r.0)
+    }
+
+    fn open_pipe_wire_remote(
+        &self,
+        session_handle: dbus::Path,
+        options: arg::PropMap,
+    ) -> Result<arg::OwnedFd, dbus::Error> {
+        self.method_call(
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "OpenPipeWireRemote",
+            (session_handle, options),
+        )
+        .map(|r: (arg::OwnedFd,)| r.0)
+    }
+
+    fn available_source_types(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error> {
+        <Self as blocking::stdintf::org_freedesktop_dbus::Properties>::get(
+            &self,
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "AvailableSourceTypes",
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn available_cursor_modes(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error> {
+        <Self as blocking::stdintf::org_freedesktop_dbus::Properties>::get(
+            &self,
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "AvailableCursorModes",
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn version(&self) -> Result<u32, dbus::Error> {
+        <Self as blocking::stdintf::org_freedesktop_dbus::Properties>::get(
+            &self,
+            "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast",
+            "version",
+        )
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/x11/capturer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use super::ffi::*;
+use super::Display;
+use hbb_common::libc;
+use std::{io, ptr, slice};
+
+pub struct Capturer {
+    display: Display,
+    shmid: i32,
+    xcbid: u32,
+    buffer: *const u8,
+
+    size: usize,
+    saved_raw_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
+}
+
+impl Capturer {
+    pub fn new(display: Display) -> io::Result<Capturer> {
+        // Calculate dimensions.
+
+        let pixel_width = display.pixfmt().bytes_per_pixel();
+        let rect = display.rect();
+        let size = (rect.w as usize) * (rect.h as usize) * pixel_width;
+
+        // Create a shared memory segment.
+
+        let shmid = unsafe {
+            libc::shmget(
+                libc::IPC_PRIVATE,
+                size,
+                // Everyone can do anything.
+                libc::IPC_CREAT | 0o777,
+            )
+        };
+
+        if shmid == -1 {
+            return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+        }
+
+        // Attach the segment to a readable address.
+
+        let buffer = unsafe { libc::shmat(shmid, ptr::null(), libc::SHM_RDONLY) } as *mut u8;
+
+        if buffer as isize == -1 {
+            return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+        }
+
+        // Attach the segment to XCB.
+
+        let server = display.server().raw();
+        let xcbid = unsafe { xcb_generate_id(server) };
+        unsafe {
+            xcb_shm_attach(
+                server,
+                xcbid,
+                shmid as u32,
+                0, // False, i.e. not read-only.
+            );
+        }
+
+        let c = Capturer {
+            display,
+            shmid,
+            xcbid,
+            buffer,
+            size,
+            saved_raw_data: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        Ok(c)
+    }
+
+    pub fn display(&self) -> &Display {
+        &self.display
+    }
+
+    fn get_image(&self) {
+        let rect = self.display.rect();
+        unsafe {
+            let request = xcb_shm_get_image_unchecked(
+                self.display.server().raw(),
+                self.display.root(),
+                rect.x,
+                rect.y,
+                rect.w,
+                rect.h,
+                !0,
+                XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP,
+                self.xcbid,
+                0,
+            );
+            let response =
+                xcb_shm_get_image_reply(self.display.server().raw(), request, ptr::null_mut());
+            libc::free(response as *mut _);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn frame<'b>(&'b mut self) -> std::io::Result<&'b [u8]> {
+        self.get_image();
+        let result = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.buffer, self.size) };
+        crate::would_block_if_equal(&mut self.saved_raw_data, result)?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Capturer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            // Detach segment from XCB.
+            xcb_shm_detach(self.display.server().raw(), self.xcbid);
+            // Detach segment from our space.
+            libc::shmdt(self.buffer as *mut _);
+            // Destroy the shared memory segment.
+            libc::shmctl(self.shmid, libc::IPC_RMID, ptr::null_mut());
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/x11/display.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+use super::Server;
+use crate::Pixfmt;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Display {
+    server: Rc<Server>,
+    default: bool,
+    rect: Rect,
+    root: xcb_window_t,
+    name: String,
+    pixfmt: Pixfmt,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Rect {
+    pub x: i16,
+    pub y: i16,
+    pub w: u16,
+    pub h: u16,
+}
+
+impl Display {
+    pub unsafe fn new(
+        server: Rc<Server>,
+        default: bool,
+        rect: Rect,
+        root: xcb_window_t,
+        name: String,
+        pixfmt: Pixfmt,
+    ) -> Display {
+        Display {
+            server,
+            default,
+            rect,
+            root,
+            name,
+            pixfmt,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn server(&self) -> &Rc<Server> {
+        &self.server
+    }
+    pub fn is_default(&self) -> bool {
+        self.default
+    }
+    pub fn rect(&self) -> Rect {
+        self.rect
+    }
+    pub fn w(&self) -> usize {
+        self.rect.w as _
+    }
+    pub fn h(&self) -> usize {
+        self.rect.h as _
+    }
+    pub fn root(&self) -> xcb_window_t {
+        self.root
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn pixfmt(&self) -> Pixfmt {
+        self.pixfmt
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/x11/ffi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+
+use hbb_common::libc::c_void;
+
+#[link(name = "xcb")]
+#[link(name = "xcb-shm")]
+#[link(name = "xcb-randr")]
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn xcb_connect(displayname: *const i8, screenp: *mut i32) -> *mut xcb_connection_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_disconnect(c: *mut xcb_connection_t);
+
+    pub fn xcb_connection_has_error(c: *mut xcb_connection_t) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_setup(c: *mut xcb_connection_t) -> *const xcb_setup_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_setup_roots_iterator(r: *const xcb_setup_t) -> xcb_screen_iterator_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_screen_next(i: *mut xcb_screen_iterator_t);
+
+    pub fn xcb_generate_id(c: *mut xcb_connection_t) -> u32;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_attach(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        shmseg: xcb_shm_seg_t,
+        shmid: u32,
+        read_only: u8,
+    ) -> xcb_void_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_detach(c: *mut xcb_connection_t, shmseg: xcb_shm_seg_t) -> xcb_void_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_get_image_unchecked(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        drawable: xcb_drawable_t,
+        x: i16,
+        y: i16,
+        width: u16,
+        height: u16,
+        plane_mask: u32,
+        format: u8,
+        shmseg: xcb_shm_seg_t,
+        offset: u32,
+    ) -> xcb_shm_get_image_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_get_image_reply(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        cookie: xcb_shm_get_image_cookie_t,
+        e: *mut *mut xcb_generic_error_t,
+    ) -> *mut xcb_shm_get_image_reply_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_randr_get_monitors_unchecked(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        window: xcb_window_t,
+        get_active: u8,
+    ) -> xcb_randr_get_monitors_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        cookie: xcb_randr_get_monitors_cookie_t,
+        e: *mut *mut xcb_generic_error_t,
+    ) -> *mut xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_randr_get_monitors_monitors_iterator(
+        r: *const xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply_t,
+    ) -> xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_randr_monitor_info_next(i: *mut xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t);
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_atom_name(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        atom: xcb_atom_t,
+    ) -> xcb_get_atom_name_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_atom_name_reply(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        cookie: xcb_get_atom_name_cookie_t,
+        e: *mut *mut xcb_generic_error_t,
+    ) -> *const xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_atom_name_name(reply: *const xcb_get_atom_name_request_t) -> *const u8;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_atom_name_name_length(reply: *const xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_query_version(c: *mut xcb_connection_t) -> xcb_shm_query_version_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_shm_query_version_reply(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        cookie: xcb_shm_query_version_cookie_t,
+        e: *mut *mut xcb_generic_error_t,
+    ) -> *const xcb_shm_query_version_reply_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_geometry_unchecked(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        drawable: xcb_drawable_t,
+    ) -> xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t;
+
+    pub fn xcb_get_geometry_reply(
+        c: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+        cookie: xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t,
+        e: *mut *mut xcb_generic_error_t,
+    ) -> *mut xcb_get_geometry_reply_t;
+
+}
+
+pub const XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP: u8 = 2;
+
+pub type xcb_atom_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_connection_t = c_void;
+pub type xcb_window_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_keycode_t = u8;
+pub type xcb_visualid_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_timestamp_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_colormap_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_shm_seg_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_drawable_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_get_atom_name_cookie_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t = u32;
+pub type xcb_get_atom_name_request_t = xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_setup_t {
+    pub status: u8,
+    pub pad0: u8,
+    pub protocol_major_version: u16,
+    pub protocol_minor_version: u16,
+    pub length: u16,
+    pub release_number: u32,
+    pub resource_id_base: u32,
+    pub resource_id_mask: u32,
+    pub motion_buffer_size: u32,
+    pub vendor_len: u16,
+    pub maximum_request_length: u16,
+    pub roots_len: u8,
+    pub pixmap_formats_len: u8,
+    pub image_byte_order: u8,
+    pub bitmap_format_bit_order: u8,
+    pub bitmap_format_scanline_unit: u8,
+    pub bitmap_format_scanline_pad: u8,
+    pub min_keycode: xcb_keycode_t,
+    pub max_keycode: xcb_keycode_t,
+    pub pad1: [u8; 4],
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_screen_iterator_t {
+    pub data: *mut xcb_screen_t,
+    pub rem: i32,
+    pub index: i32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_screen_t {
+    pub root: xcb_window_t,
+    pub default_colormap: xcb_colormap_t,
+    pub white_pixel: u32,
+    pub black_pixel: u32,
+    pub current_input_masks: u32,
+    pub width_in_pixels: u16,
+    pub height_in_pixels: u16,
+    pub width_in_millimeters: u16,
+    pub height_in_millimeters: u16,
+    pub min_installed_maps: u16,
+    pub max_installed_maps: u16,
+    pub root_visual: xcb_visualid_t,
+    pub backing_stores: u8,
+    pub save_unders: u8,
+    pub root_depth: u8,
+    pub allowed_depths_len: u8,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t {
+    pub data: *mut xcb_randr_monitor_info_t,
+    pub rem: i32,
+    pub index: i32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_randr_monitor_info_t {
+    pub name: xcb_atom_t,
+    pub primary: u8,
+    pub automatic: u8,
+    pub n_output: u16,
+    pub x: i16,
+    pub y: i16,
+    pub width: u16,
+    pub height: u16,
+    pub width_mm: u32,
+    pub height_mm: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct xcb_randr_get_monitors_cookie_t {
+    pub sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct xcb_shm_get_image_cookie_t {
+    pub sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct xcb_void_cookie_t {
+    pub sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t {
+    pub sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_generic_error_t {
+    pub response_type: u8,
+    pub error_code: u8,
+    pub sequence: u16,
+    pub resource_id: u32,
+    pub minor_code: u16,
+    pub major_code: u8,
+    pub pad0: u8,
+    pub pad: [u32; 5],
+    pub full_sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_shm_get_image_reply_t {
+    pub response_type: u8,
+    pub depth: u8,
+    pub sequence: u16,
+    pub length: u32,
+    pub visual: xcb_visualid_t,
+    pub size: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply_t {
+    pub response_type: u8,
+    pub pad0: u8,
+    pub sequence: u16,
+    pub length: u32,
+    pub timestamp: xcb_timestamp_t,
+    pub n_monitors: u32,
+    pub n_outputs: u32,
+    pub pad1: [u8; 12],
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_shm_query_version_cookie_t {
+    pub sequence: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_shm_query_version_reply_t {
+    pub response_type: u8,
+    pub shared_pixmaps: u8,
+    pub sequence: u16,
+    pub length: u32,
+    pub major_version: u16,
+    pub minor_version: u16,
+    pub uid: u16,
+    pub gid: u16,
+    pub pixmap_format: u8,
+    pub pad0: [u8; 15],
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct xcb_get_geometry_reply_t {
+    pub response_type: u8,
+    pub depth: u8,
+    pub sequence: u16,
+    pub length: u32,
+    pub root: xcb_window_t,
+    pub x: i16,
+    pub y: i16,
+    pub width: u16,
+    pub height: u16,
+    pub border_width: u16,
+    pub pad0: [u8; 2],
+}

libs/scrap/src/x11/iter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::ptr;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use crate::Pixfmt;
+use hbb_common::libc;
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+use super::{Display, Rect, Server};
+
+//TODO: Do I have to free the displays?
+
+pub struct DisplayIter {
+    outer: xcb_screen_iterator_t,
+    inner: Option<(xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t, xcb_window_t)>,
+    server: Rc<Server>,
+}
+
+impl DisplayIter {
+    pub unsafe fn new(server: Rc<Server>) -> DisplayIter {
+        let mut outer = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(server.setup());
+        let inner = Self::next_screen(&mut outer, &server);
+        DisplayIter {
+            outer,
+            inner,
+            server,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next_screen(
+        outer: &mut xcb_screen_iterator_t,
+        server: &Server,
+    ) -> Option<(xcb_randr_monitor_info_iterator_t, xcb_window_t)> {
+        if outer.rem == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        unsafe {
+            let root = (*outer.data).root;
+
+            let cookie = xcb_randr_get_monitors_unchecked(
+                server.raw(),
+                root,
+                1, //TODO: I don't know if this should be true or false.
+            );
+
+            let response = xcb_randr_get_monitors_reply(server.raw(), cookie, ptr::null_mut());
+
+            let inner = xcb_randr_get_monitors_monitors_iterator(response);
+
+            libc::free(response as *mut _);
+            xcb_screen_next(outer);
+
+            Some((inner, root))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for DisplayIter {
+    type Item = Display;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Display> {
+        loop {
+            if let Some((ref mut inner, root)) = self.inner {
+                // If there is something in the current screen, return that.
+                if inner.rem != 0 {
+                    unsafe {
+                        let data = &*inner.data;
+                        let name = get_atom_name(self.server.raw(), data.name);
+                        let pixfmt = get_pixfmt(self.server.raw(), root).unwrap_or(Pixfmt::BGRA);
+                        let display = Display::new(
+                            self.server.clone(),
+                            data.primary != 0,
+                            Rect {
+                                x: data.x,
+                                y: data.y,
+                                w: data.width,
+                                h: data.height,
+                            },
+                            root,
+                            name,
+                            pixfmt,
+                        );
+
+                        xcb_randr_monitor_info_next(inner);
+                        return Some(display);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                // If there is no current screen, the screen iterator is empty.
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            // The current screen was empty, so try the next screen.
+            self.inner = Self::next_screen(&mut self.outer, &self.server);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_atom_name(conn: *mut xcb_connection_t, atom: xcb_atom_t) -> String {
+    let empty = "".to_owned();
+    if atom == 0 {
+        return empty;
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        let mut e: *mut xcb_generic_error_t = std::ptr::null_mut();
+        let reply = xcb_get_atom_name_reply(conn, xcb_get_atom_name(conn, atom), &mut e as _);
+        if reply == std::ptr::null() {
+            return empty;
+        }
+        let length = xcb_get_atom_name_name_length(reply);
+        let name = xcb_get_atom_name_name(reply);
+        let mut v = vec![0u8; length as _];
+        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(name as _, v.as_mut_ptr(), length as _);
+        libc::free(reply as *mut _);
+        if let Ok(s) = CString::new(v) {
+            return s.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        }
+        empty
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn get_pixfmt(conn: *mut xcb_connection_t, root: xcb_window_t) -> Option<Pixfmt> {
+    let geo_cookie = xcb_get_geometry_unchecked(conn, root);
+    let geo = xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, geo_cookie, ptr::null_mut());
+    if geo.is_null() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let depth = (*geo).depth;
+    libc::free(geo as _);
+    // now only support little endian
+    // https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/a9c05eb657d0d05f3ac79fe9973581a41b265a5e/libavdevice/xcbgrab.c#L519
+    match depth {
+        16 => Some(Pixfmt::RGB565LE),
+        32 => Some(Pixfmt::BGRA),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}

libs/scrap/src/x11/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pub use self::capturer::*;
+pub use self::display::*;
+pub use self::iter::*;
+pub use self::server::*;
+
+mod capturer;
+mod display;
+mod ffi;
+mod iter;
+mod server;

libs/scrap/src/x11/server.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use hbb_common::libc;
+use std::ptr;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use super::ffi::*;
+use super::DisplayIter;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Server {
+    raw: *mut xcb_connection_t,
+    screenp: i32,
+    setup: *const xcb_setup_t,
+}
+
+/*
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+thread_local! {
+    static SERVER: RefCell<Option<Rc<Server>>> = RefCell::new(None);
+}
+*/
+
+impl Server {
+    pub fn displays(slf: Rc<Server>) -> DisplayIter {
+        unsafe { DisplayIter::new(slf) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn default() -> Result<Rc<Server>, Error> {
+        Ok(Rc::new(Server::connect(ptr::null())?))
+        /*
+        let mut res = Err(Error::from(0));
+        SERVER.with(|xdo| {
+            if let Ok(mut server) = xdo.try_borrow_mut() {
+                if server.is_some() {
+                    unsafe {
+                        if 0 != xcb_connection_has_error(server.as_ref().unwrap().raw) {
+                            *server = None;
+                            println!("Reset x11 connection");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if server.is_none() {
+                    println!("New x11 connection");
+                    match Server::connect(ptr::null()) {
+                        Ok(s) => {
+                            let s = Rc::new(s);
+                            res = Ok(s.clone());
+                            *server = Some(s);
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            res = Err(err);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    res = Ok(server.as_ref().map(|x| x.clone()).unwrap());
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        res
+        */
+    }
+
+    pub fn connect(addr: *const i8) -> Result<Server, Error> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut screenp = 0;
+            let raw = xcb_connect(addr, &mut screenp);
+
+            let error = xcb_connection_has_error(raw);
+            if error != 0 {
+                xcb_disconnect(raw);
+                Err(Error::from(error))
+            } else {
+                let setup = xcb_get_setup(raw);
+                Ok(Server {
+                    raw,
+                    screenp,
+                    setup,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn raw(&self) -> *mut xcb_connection_t {
+        self.raw
+    }
+    pub fn screenp(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.screenp
+    }
+    pub fn setup(&self) -> *const xcb_setup_t {
+        self.setup
+    }
+    pub fn get_shm_status(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe { check_x11_shm_available(self.raw) }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn check_x11_shm_available(c: *mut xcb_connection_t) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let cookie = xcb_shm_query_version(c);
+    let mut e: *mut xcb_generic_error_t = std::ptr::null_mut();
+    let reply = xcb_shm_query_version_reply(c, cookie, &mut e as _);
+    if reply.is_null() {
+        // TODO: Should separate SHM disabled from SHM not supported?
+        return Err(Error::UnsupportedExtension);
+    } else {
+        // https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/6229e4ac425b4566446edefb67d5c225eb397b58/libavdevice/xcbgrab.c#L229
+        libc::free(reply as *mut _);
+        if e.is_null() {
+            return Ok(());
+        } else {
+            libc::free(e as *mut _);
+            // TODO: Does "This request does never generate any errors" in manual means `e` is never set, so we would never reach here?
+            return Err(Error::Generic);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Server {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            xcb_disconnect(self.raw);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    Generic,
+    UnsupportedExtension,
+    InsufficientMemory,
+    RequestTooLong,
+    ParseError,
+    InvalidScreen,
+}
+
+impl From<i32> for Error {
+    fn from(x: i32) -> Error {
+        use self::Error::*;
+        match x {
+            2 => UnsupportedExtension,
+            3 => InsufficientMemory,
+            4 => RequestTooLong,
+            5 => ParseError,
+            6 => InvalidScreen,
+            _ => Generic,
+        }
+    }
+}